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Obsessive--compulsive disorder: subclassification based on co-morbidity.

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Title: Obsessive--compulsive disorder: subclassification based on co-morbidity.
Authors: Nestadt G (AUTHOR), Di CZ (AUTHOR), Riddle MA (AUTHOR), Grados MA (AUTHOR), Greenberg BD (AUTHOR), Fyer AJ (AUTHOR), McCracken JT (AUTHOR), Rauch SL (AUTHOR), Murphy DL (AUTHOR), Rasmussen SA (AUTHOR), Cullen B (AUTHOR), Pinto A (AUTHOR), Knowles JA (AUTHOR), Piacentini J (AUTHOR), Pauls DL (AUTHOR), Bienvenu OJ (AUTHOR), Wang Y (AUTHOR), Liang KY (AUTHOR), Samuels JF (AUTHOR), Roche KB (AUTHOR)
Source: Psychological Medicine. Sep2009, Vol. 39 Issue 9, p1491-1501. 11p.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is probably an etiologically heterogeneous condition. Many patients manifest other psychiatric syndromes. This study investigated the relationship between OCD and co-morbid conditions to identify subtypes. METHOD: Seven hundred and six individuals with OCD were assessed in the OCD Collaborative Genetics Study (OCGS). Multi-level latent class analysis was conducted based on the presence of eight co-morbid psychiatric conditions [generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), major depression, panic disorder (PD), separation anxiety disorder (SAD), tics, mania, somatization disorders (Som) and grooming disorders (GrD)]. The relationship of the derived classes to specific clinical characteristics was investigated. RESULTS: Two and three classes of OCD syndromes emerge from the analyses. The two-class solution describes lesser and greater co-morbidity classes and the more descriptive three-class solution is characterized by: (1) an OCD simplex class, in which major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most frequent additional disorder; (2) an OCD co-morbid tic-related class, in which tics are prominent and affective syndromes are considerably rarer; and (3) an OCD co-morbid affective-related class in which PD and affective syndromes are highly represented. The OCD co-morbid tic-related class is predominantly male and characterized by high conscientiousness. The OCD co-morbid affective-related class is predominantly female, has a young age at onset, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) features, high scores on the 'taboo' factor of OCD symptoms, and low conscientiousness. CONCLUSIONS: OCD can be classified into three classes based on co-morbidity. Membership within a class is differentially associated with other clinical characteristics. These classes, if replicated, should have important implications for research and clinical endeavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Obsessive--compulsive disorder: subclassification based on co-morbidity.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nestadt+G%22">Nestadt G</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Di+CZ%22">Di CZ</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Riddle+MA%22">Riddle MA</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Grados+MA%22">Grados MA</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Greenberg+BD%22">Greenberg BD</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fyer+AJ%22">Fyer AJ</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22McCracken+JT%22">McCracken JT</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rauch+SL%22">Rauch SL</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Murphy+DL%22">Murphy DL</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rasmussen+SA%22">Rasmussen SA</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cullen+B%22">Cullen B</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pinto+A%22">Pinto A</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Knowles+JA%22">Knowles JA</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Piacentini+J%22">Piacentini J</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pauls+DL%22">Pauls DL</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bienvenu+OJ%22">Bienvenu OJ</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang+Y%22">Wang Y</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liang+KY%22">Liang KY</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Samuels+JF%22">Samuels JF</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Roche+KB%22">Roche KB</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychological+Medicine%22">Psychological Medicine</searchLink>. Sep2009, Vol. 39 Issue 9, p1491-1501. 11p.
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: BACKGROUND: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is probably an etiologically heterogeneous condition. Many patients manifest other psychiatric syndromes. This study investigated the relationship between OCD and co-morbid conditions to identify subtypes. METHOD: Seven hundred and six individuals with OCD were assessed in the OCD Collaborative Genetics Study (OCGS). Multi-level latent class analysis was conducted based on the presence of eight co-morbid psychiatric conditions [generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), major depression, panic disorder (PD), separation anxiety disorder (SAD), tics, mania, somatization disorders (Som) and grooming disorders (GrD)]. The relationship of the derived classes to specific clinical characteristics was investigated. RESULTS: Two and three classes of OCD syndromes emerge from the analyses. The two-class solution describes lesser and greater co-morbidity classes and the more descriptive three-class solution is characterized by: (1) an OCD simplex class, in which major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most frequent additional disorder; (2) an OCD co-morbid tic-related class, in which tics are prominent and affective syndromes are considerably rarer; and (3) an OCD co-morbid affective-related class in which PD and affective syndromes are highly represented. The OCD co-morbid tic-related class is predominantly male and characterized by high conscientiousness. The OCD co-morbid affective-related class is predominantly female, has a young age at onset, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) features, high scores on the 'taboo' factor of OCD symptoms, and low conscientiousness. CONCLUSIONS: OCD can be classified into three classes based on co-morbidity. Membership within a class is differentially associated with other clinical characteristics. These classes, if replicated, should have important implications for research and clinical endeavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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