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Startle cue-reactivity differentiates between light and heavy smokers.

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Title: Startle cue-reactivity differentiates between light and heavy smokers.
Authors: Rehme AK (AUTHOR), Frommann I (AUTHOR), Peters S (AUTHOR), Block V (AUTHOR), Bludau J (AUTHOR), Quednow BB (AUTHOR), Maier W (AUTHOR), Schütz C (AUTHOR), Wagner M (AUTHOR)
Source: Addiction. Oct2009, Vol. 104 Issue 10, p1757-1764. 8p.
Abstract: Aims It was assumed that the startle amplitude in smokers is reduced while viewing pictures of smoking, suggesting that smoking cues are appetitive. The goal of the present study was to investigate (i) whether smoking scenes induce appetitive cue effects in smokers, and (ii) whether smoking intensity is related to cue-reactivity. Design Smokers and non-smokers participated in a single session. Participants A total of 62 individuals participated: 36 smokers and 26 non-smokers. Measurements Participants took part in an acoustic affective startle experiment using standardized pleasant, neutral and unpleasant scenes from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), as well as pictures of smoking. The effect of smoking cues was assessed by comparing neutral and smoking scenes (termed cue-related startle suppression, CSS). Findings While there was no overall difference between smokers and non-smokers regarding the CSS, light smokers showed significantly increased cue-reactivity towards smoking-related cues, as compared with heavy smokers and non-smokers. In addition, light smokers also displayed stronger appetitive responses towards positive stimuli. Conclusions These data support recent theories which discriminate between habit-based and incentive-based drug abuse. This distinction may have consequences for the assessment and treatment of drug-addicted subjects. Furthermore, incentive-based light smoking seems to have general effects on the reward system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Addiction is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Startle cue-reactivity differentiates between light and heavy smokers.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rehme+AK%22">Rehme AK</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Frommann+I%22">Frommann I</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Peters+S%22">Peters S</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Block+V%22">Block V</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bludau+J%22">Bludau J</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Quednow+BB%22">Quednow BB</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Maier+W%22">Maier W</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schütz+C%22">Schütz C</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wagner+M%22">Wagner M</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Addiction%22">Addiction</searchLink>. Oct2009, Vol. 104 Issue 10, p1757-1764. 8p.
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Aims It was assumed that the startle amplitude in smokers is reduced while viewing pictures of smoking, suggesting that smoking cues are appetitive. The goal of the present study was to investigate (i) whether smoking scenes induce appetitive cue effects in smokers, and (ii) whether smoking intensity is related to cue-reactivity. Design Smokers and non-smokers participated in a single session. Participants A total of 62 individuals participated: 36 smokers and 26 non-smokers. Measurements Participants took part in an acoustic affective startle experiment using standardized pleasant, neutral and unpleasant scenes from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), as well as pictures of smoking. The effect of smoking cues was assessed by comparing neutral and smoking scenes (termed cue-related startle suppression, CSS). Findings While there was no overall difference between smokers and non-smokers regarding the CSS, light smokers showed significantly increased cue-reactivity towards smoking-related cues, as compared with heavy smokers and non-smokers. In addition, light smokers also displayed stronger appetitive responses towards positive stimuli. Conclusions These data support recent theories which discriminate between habit-based and incentive-based drug abuse. This distinction may have consequences for the assessment and treatment of drug-addicted subjects. Furthermore, incentive-based light smoking seems to have general effects on the reward system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Addiction is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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              Text: Oct2009
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