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Life events, anxious depression and personality: a prospective and genetic study.

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Title: Life events, anxious depression and personality: a prospective and genetic study.
Authors: Middeldorp CM (AUTHOR), Cath DC (AUTHOR), Beem AL (AUTHOR), Willemsen G (AUTHOR), Boomsma DI (AUTHOR)
Source: Psychological Medicine. Nov2008, Vol. 38 Issue 11, p1557-1565. 9p.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between life events and anxious depression might be due to causality or to gene-environment correlation. We examined unidirectional and reciprocal causality and a gene-environment correlation model, in which genes that influence the vulnerability for anxious depression also increase the risk of exposure to life events. The effect of genes that influence environmental exposure might be mediated through personality and we therefore also examined the association between life events and personality (neuroticism and extraversion). METHOD: Information on life events, anxious depression, neuroticism and extraversion was collected in 5782 monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins who participated in a longitudinal survey study of the Netherlands Twin Register. To examine causality, data were analysed longitudinally. To examine gene-environment correlation, the co-twin control method was used. RESULTS: Anxious depression and, to a lesser extent, neuroticism scores increased after exposure to life events. Anxious depression and neuroticism also predicted the experience of life events. Prospectively, extraversion was not associated with life events. Anxious depression, neuroticism and extraversion scores did not differ between the non-exposed subjects of MZ and DZ twin pairs and unrelated subjects discordant for life events. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that reciprocal causation explains the relationship between life events and anxious depression and between life events and neuroticism. Extraversion is not related to life events. No evidence was found for gene-environment correlation, i.e. the genes that influence anxious depression, neuroticism or extraversion do not overlap with the genes that increase the risk of exposure to life events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Life events, anxious depression and personality: a prospective and genetic study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Middeldorp+CM%22">Middeldorp CM</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cath+DC%22">Cath DC</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Beem+AL%22">Beem AL</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Willemsen+G%22">Willemsen G</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Boomsma+DI%22">Boomsma DI</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychological+Medicine%22">Psychological Medicine</searchLink>. Nov2008, Vol. 38 Issue 11, p1557-1565. 9p.
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: BACKGROUND: The association between life events and anxious depression might be due to causality or to gene-environment correlation. We examined unidirectional and reciprocal causality and a gene-environment correlation model, in which genes that influence the vulnerability for anxious depression also increase the risk of exposure to life events. The effect of genes that influence environmental exposure might be mediated through personality and we therefore also examined the association between life events and personality (neuroticism and extraversion). METHOD: Information on life events, anxious depression, neuroticism and extraversion was collected in 5782 monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins who participated in a longitudinal survey study of the Netherlands Twin Register. To examine causality, data were analysed longitudinally. To examine gene-environment correlation, the co-twin control method was used. RESULTS: Anxious depression and, to a lesser extent, neuroticism scores increased after exposure to life events. Anxious depression and neuroticism also predicted the experience of life events. Prospectively, extraversion was not associated with life events. Anxious depression, neuroticism and extraversion scores did not differ between the non-exposed subjects of MZ and DZ twin pairs and unrelated subjects discordant for life events. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that reciprocal causation explains the relationship between life events and anxious depression and between life events and neuroticism. Extraversion is not related to life events. No evidence was found for gene-environment correlation, i.e. the genes that influence anxious depression, neuroticism or extraversion do not overlap with the genes that increase the risk of exposure to life events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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