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Educational attainment, smoking initiation and lifetime nicotine dependence among male Vietnam-era twins.

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Title: Educational attainment, smoking initiation and lifetime nicotine dependence among male Vietnam-era twins.
Authors: McCaffery JM (AUTHOR), Papandonatos GD (AUTHOR), Lyons MJ (AUTHOR), Koenen KC (AUTHOR), Tsuang MT (AUTHOR), Niaura R (AUTHOR)
Source: Psychological Medicine. Sep2008, Vol. 38 Issue 9, p1287-1297. 11p.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Smoking initiation and persistence are clearly associated with factors commonly thought to be environmental in origin, including socio-economic status. However, twin models that incorporate gene-environment correlation and gene x environment interaction have not been applied to elucidate the genetic or environmental role that socio-economic status plays in smoking initiation and nicotine dependence. METHOD: Twin structural equation modelling was used to examine gene-environment correlation and gene x environment interaction of one index of socio-economic status, educational attainment, with smoking initiation and nicotine dependence among 5119 monozygotic and 4295 dizygotic male-male Vietnam-era twins from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry, a national registry of twin pairs who served in the military during the Vietnam era. RESULTS: Educational attainment correlated significantly with smoking initiation (r=-0.27, p<0.001). Additive genetic (p=0.011), shared environment (p=0.002) and unique environment (p=0.027) components contributed to the correlation between educational attainment and smoking initiation. Educational attainment also significantly moderated the variance in smoking initiation (p<0.001), suggestive of gene x environment interaction, although the interaction with the additive genetic, shared environmental and unique environmental components could not be resolved due to multi-collinearity. In contrast, educational attainment neither correlated with nor moderated nicotine dependence, once smokers had initiated. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that educational attainment is associated with smoking initiation, in part due to gene-environment correlation and gene x environment interaction. However, once smoking initiation is taken into account, there are no effects--be they gene-environment correlation or gene x environmental interaction--of educational attainment on nicotine dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Educational attainment, smoking initiation and lifetime nicotine dependence among male Vietnam-era twins.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22McCaffery+JM%22&quot;&gt;McCaffery JM&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Papandonatos+GD%22&quot;&gt;Papandonatos GD&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Lyons+MJ%22&quot;&gt;Lyons MJ&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Koenen+KC%22&quot;&gt;Koenen KC&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Tsuang+MT%22&quot;&gt;Tsuang MT&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Niaura+R%22&quot;&gt;Niaura R&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Psychological+Medicine%22&quot;&gt;Psychological Medicine&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Sep2008, Vol. 38 Issue 9, p1287-1297. 11p.
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: BACKGROUND: Smoking initiation and persistence are clearly associated with factors commonly thought to be environmental in origin, including socio-economic status. However, twin models that incorporate gene-environment correlation and gene x environment interaction have not been applied to elucidate the genetic or environmental role that socio-economic status plays in smoking initiation and nicotine dependence. METHOD: Twin structural equation modelling was used to examine gene-environment correlation and gene x environment interaction of one index of socio-economic status, educational attainment, with smoking initiation and nicotine dependence among 5119 monozygotic and 4295 dizygotic male-male Vietnam-era twins from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry, a national registry of twin pairs who served in the military during the Vietnam era. RESULTS: Educational attainment correlated significantly with smoking initiation (r=-0.27, p&lt;0.001). Additive genetic (p=0.011), shared environment (p=0.002) and unique environment (p=0.027) components contributed to the correlation between educational attainment and smoking initiation. Educational attainment also significantly moderated the variance in smoking initiation (p&lt;0.001), suggestive of gene x environment interaction, although the interaction with the additive genetic, shared environmental and unique environmental components could not be resolved due to multi-collinearity. In contrast, educational attainment neither correlated with nor moderated nicotine dependence, once smokers had initiated. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that educational attainment is associated with smoking initiation, in part due to gene-environment correlation and gene x environment interaction. However, once smoking initiation is taken into account, there are no effects--be they gene-environment correlation or gene x environmental interaction--of educational attainment on nicotine dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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              Text: Sep2008
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