Co-morbid major depression and generalized anxiety disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey follow-up.
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| Title: | Co-morbid major depression and generalized anxiety disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey follow-up. |
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| Authors: | Kessler RC (AUTHOR), Gruber M (AUTHOR), Hettema JM (AUTHOR), Hwang I (AUTHOR), Sampson N (AUTHOR), Yonkers KA (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Psychological Medicine. Mar2008, Vol. 38 Issue 3, p365-374. 10p. |
| Abstract: | BACKGROUND: Although generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive episode (MDE) are known to be highly co-morbid, little prospective research has examined whether these two disorders predict the subsequent first onset or persistence of the other or the extent to which other predictors explain the time-lagged associations between GAD and MDE.MethodData were analyzed from the nationally representative two-wave panel sample of 5001 respondents who participated in the 1990-1992 National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) and the 2001-2003 NCS follow-up survey. Both surveys assessed GAD and MDE. The baseline NCS also assessed three sets of risk factors that are considered here: childhood adversities, parental history of mental-substance disorders, and respondent personality. RESULTS: Baseline MDE significantly predicted subsequent GAD onset but not persistence. Baseline GAD significantly predicted subsequent MDE onset and persistence. The associations of each disorder with the subsequent onset of the other attenuated with time since onset of the temporally primary disorder, but remained significant for over a decade after this onset. The risk factors predicted onset more than persistence. Meaningful variation was found in the strength and consistency of associations between risk factors and the two disorders. Controls for risk factors did not substantially reduce the net cross-lagged associations of the disorders with each other. CONCLUSIONS: The existence of differences in risk factors for GAD and MDE argues against the view that the two disorders are merely different manifestations of a single underlying internalizing syndrome or that GAD is merely a prodrome, residual, or severity marker of MDE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: pbh DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection An: 105731510 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Co-morbid major depression and generalized anxiety disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey follow-up. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kessler+RC%22">Kessler RC</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gruber+M%22">Gruber M</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hettema+JM%22">Hettema JM</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hwang+I%22">Hwang I</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sampson+N%22">Sampson N</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yonkers+KA%22">Yonkers KA</searchLink> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychological+Medicine%22">Psychological Medicine</searchLink>. Mar2008, Vol. 38 Issue 3, p365-374. 10p. – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: BACKGROUND: Although generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive episode (MDE) are known to be highly co-morbid, little prospective research has examined whether these two disorders predict the subsequent first onset or persistence of the other or the extent to which other predictors explain the time-lagged associations between GAD and MDE.MethodData were analyzed from the nationally representative two-wave panel sample of 5001 respondents who participated in the 1990-1992 National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) and the 2001-2003 NCS follow-up survey. Both surveys assessed GAD and MDE. The baseline NCS also assessed three sets of risk factors that are considered here: childhood adversities, parental history of mental-substance disorders, and respondent personality. RESULTS: Baseline MDE significantly predicted subsequent GAD onset but not persistence. Baseline GAD significantly predicted subsequent MDE onset and persistence. The associations of each disorder with the subsequent onset of the other attenuated with time since onset of the temporally primary disorder, but remained significant for over a decade after this onset. The risk factors predicted onset more than persistence. Meaningful variation was found in the strength and consistency of associations between risk factors and the two disorders. Controls for risk factors did not substantially reduce the net cross-lagged associations of the disorders with each other. CONCLUSIONS: The existence of differences in risk factors for GAD and MDE argues against the view that the two disorders are merely different manifestations of a single underlying internalizing syndrome or that GAD is merely a prodrome, residual, or severity marker of MDE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1017/s0033291707002012 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 10 StartPage: 365 Titles: – TitleFull: Co-morbid major depression and generalized anxiety disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey follow-up. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Kessler RC – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Gruber M – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Hettema JM – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Hwang I – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Sampson N – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Yonkers KA IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 03 Text: Mar2008 Type: published Y: 2008 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 00332917 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 38 – Type: issue Value: 3 Titles: – TitleFull: Psychological Medicine Type: main |
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