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Secondhand smoke exposure among women and children: evidence from 31 countries.

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Title: Secondhand smoke exposure among women and children: evidence from 31 countries.
Authors: Wipfli H (AUTHOR), Avila-Tang E (AUTHOR), Navas-Acien A (AUTHOR), Kim S (AUTHOR), Onicescu G (AUTHOR), Yuan J (AUTHOR), Breysse P (AUTHOR), Samet JM (AUTHOR), Famri Homes Study Investigators (CORPORATE AUTHOR)
Source: American Journal of Public Health. Apr2008, Vol. 98 Issue 4, p672-679. 8p.
Subjects: Health, Smoking, Physiological effects of tobacco, Cigarette smokers, Terminally ill children, Diseases in women, Women's health, Developing countries
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to describe the range of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) among women and children living with smokers around the world and generate locally relevant data to motivate the development of tobacco control policies and interventions in developing countries. METHODS: In 2006, we conducted a cross-sectional exposure survey to measure air nicotine concentrations in households and hair nicotine concentrations among nonsmoking women and children in convenience samples of 40 households in 31 countries. RESULTS: Median air nicotine concentration was 17 times higher in households with smokers (0.18 mug/m(3)) compared with households without smokers (0.01 mug/m(3)). Air nicotine and hair nicotine concentrations in women and children increased with the number of smokers in the household. The dose-response relationship was steeper among children. Air nicotine concentrations increased an estimated 12.9 times (95% confidence interval=9.4, 17.6) in households allowing smoking inside compared with those prohibiting smoking inside. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that women and children living with smokers are at increased risk of premature death and disease from exposure to SHS. Interventions to protect women and children from household SHS need to be strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of American Journal of Public Health is the property of American Public Health Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Secondhand smoke exposure among women and children: evidence from 31 countries.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wipfli+H%22">Wipfli H</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Avila-Tang+E%22">Avila-Tang E</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Navas-Acien+A%22">Navas-Acien A</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kim+S%22">Kim S</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Onicescu+G%22">Onicescu G</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yuan+J%22">Yuan J</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Breysse+P%22">Breysse P</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Samet+JM%22">Samet JM</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Famri+Homes+Study+Investigators%22">Famri Homes Study Investigators</searchLink> (CORPORATE AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22American+Journal+of+Public+Health%22">American Journal of Public Health</searchLink>. Apr2008, Vol. 98 Issue 4, p672-679. 8p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Health%22">Health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Smoking%22">Smoking</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physiological+effects+of+tobacco%22">Physiological effects of tobacco</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cigarette+smokers%22">Cigarette smokers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Terminally+ill+children%22">Terminally ill children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Diseases+in+women%22">Diseases in women</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Women's+health%22">Women's health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Developing+countries%22">Developing countries</searchLink>
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  Data: OBJECTIVES: We sought to describe the range of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) among women and children living with smokers around the world and generate locally relevant data to motivate the development of tobacco control policies and interventions in developing countries. METHODS: In 2006, we conducted a cross-sectional exposure survey to measure air nicotine concentrations in households and hair nicotine concentrations among nonsmoking women and children in convenience samples of 40 households in 31 countries. RESULTS: Median air nicotine concentration was 17 times higher in households with smokers (0.18 mug/m(3)) compared with households without smokers (0.01 mug/m(3)). Air nicotine and hair nicotine concentrations in women and children increased with the number of smokers in the household. The dose-response relationship was steeper among children. Air nicotine concentrations increased an estimated 12.9 times (95% confidence interval=9.4, 17.6) in households allowing smoking inside compared with those prohibiting smoking inside. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that women and children living with smokers are at increased risk of premature death and disease from exposure to SHS. Interventions to protect women and children from household SHS need to be strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of American Journal of Public Health is the property of American Public Health Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.126631
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Health
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Smoking
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      – SubjectFull: Physiological effects of tobacco
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      – SubjectFull: Cigarette smokers
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      – SubjectFull: Terminally ill children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Diseases in women
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Women's health
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Developing countries
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      – TitleFull: Secondhand smoke exposure among women and children: evidence from 31 countries.
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              Text: Apr2008
              Type: published
              Y: 2008
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