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Black-White mortality from HIV in the United States before and after introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy in 1996.

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Title: Black-White mortality from HIV in the United States before and after introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy in 1996.
Authors: Levine RS (AUTHOR), Briggs NC (AUTHOR), Kilbourne BS (AUTHOR), King WD (AUTHOR), Fry-Johnson Y (AUTHOR), Baltrus PT (AUTHOR), Husaini BA (AUTHOR), Rust GS (AUTHOR)
Source: American Journal of Public Health. Oct2007, Vol. 97 Issue 10, p1884-1892. 9p.
Subjects: Mortality, HIV infections, Highly active antiretroviral therapy, Black people, White people, Ethnicity, Diseases
Geographic Terms: United States
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to describe Black-White differences in HIV disease mortality before and after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). METHODS: Black-White mortality from HIV is described for the nation as a whole. We performed regression analyses to predict county-level mortality for Black men aged 25-84 years and the corresponding Black:White male mortality ratios (disparities) in 140 counties with reliable Black mortality for 1999-2002. RESULTS: National Black-White disparities widened significantly after the introduction of HAART, especially among women and the elderly. In county regression analyses, contextual socioeconomic status (SES) was not a significant predictor of Black:White mortality rate ratio after we controlled for percentage of the population who were Black and percentage of the population who were Hispanic, and neither contextual SES nor race/ethnicity were significant predictors after we controlled for pre-HAART mortality. Contextual SES, race, and pre-HAART mortality were all significant and independent predictors of mortality among Black men. CONCLUSIONS: Although nearly all segments of the Black population experienced widened post-HAART disparities, disparities were not inevitable and tended to reflect pre-HAART levels. Public health policymakers should consider the hypothesis of unequal diffusion of the HAART innovation, with place effects rendering some communities more vulnerable than others to this potential problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of American Journal of Public Health is the property of American Public Health Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Black-White mortality from HIV in the United States before and after introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy in 1996.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Levine+RS%22">Levine RS</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Briggs+NC%22">Briggs NC</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kilbourne+BS%22">Kilbourne BS</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22King+WD%22">King WD</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fry-Johnson+Y%22">Fry-Johnson Y</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Baltrus+PT%22">Baltrus PT</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Husaini+BA%22">Husaini BA</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rust+GS%22">Rust GS</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22American+Journal+of+Public+Health%22">American Journal of Public Health</searchLink>. Oct2007, Vol. 97 Issue 10, p1884-1892. 9p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mortality%22">Mortality</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22HIV+infections%22">HIV infections</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Highly+active+antiretroviral+therapy%22">Highly active antiretroviral therapy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Black+people%22">Black people</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22White+people%22">White people</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ethnicity%22">Ethnicity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Diseases%22">Diseases</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+States%22">United States</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: OBJECTIVES: We sought to describe Black-White differences in HIV disease mortality before and after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). METHODS: Black-White mortality from HIV is described for the nation as a whole. We performed regression analyses to predict county-level mortality for Black men aged 25-84 years and the corresponding Black:White male mortality ratios (disparities) in 140 counties with reliable Black mortality for 1999-2002. RESULTS: National Black-White disparities widened significantly after the introduction of HAART, especially among women and the elderly. In county regression analyses, contextual socioeconomic status (SES) was not a significant predictor of Black:White mortality rate ratio after we controlled for percentage of the population who were Black and percentage of the population who were Hispanic, and neither contextual SES nor race/ethnicity were significant predictors after we controlled for pre-HAART mortality. Contextual SES, race, and pre-HAART mortality were all significant and independent predictors of mortality among Black men. CONCLUSIONS: Although nearly all segments of the Black population experienced widened post-HAART disparities, disparities were not inevitable and tended to reflect pre-HAART levels. Public health policymakers should consider the hypothesis of unequal diffusion of the HAART innovation, with place effects rendering some communities more vulnerable than others to this potential problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of American Journal of Public Health is the property of American Public Health Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.2105/AJPH.2005.081489
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 9
        StartPage: 1884
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Mortality
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: HIV infections
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Highly active antiretroviral therapy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Black people
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: White people
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ethnicity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Diseases
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: United States
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Black-White mortality from HIV in the United States before and after introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy in 1996.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Levine RS
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            NameFull: Briggs NC
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            NameFull: Kilbourne BS
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            NameFull: King WD
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            NameFull: Fry-Johnson Y
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            – D: 01
              M: 10
              Text: Oct2007
              Type: published
              Y: 2007
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              Value: 00900036
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              Value: 97
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