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Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis after mass treatment of a trachoma hyperendemic community in Tanzania: a longitudinal study.

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Title: Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis after mass treatment of a trachoma hyperendemic community in Tanzania: a longitudinal study.
Authors: West SK (AUTHOR), Munoz B (AUTHOR), Mkocha H (AUTHOR), Holland MJ (AUTHOR), Aguirre A (AUTHOR), Solomon AW (AUTHOR), Foster A (AUTHOR), Bailey RL (AUTHOR), Mabey DCW (AUTHOR), West, Sheila K (AUTHOR), Munoz, Beatriz (AUTHOR), Mkocha, Harran (AUTHOR), Holland, Martin J (AUTHOR), Aguirre, Aura (AUTHOR), Solomon, Anthony W (AUTHOR), Foster, Allen (AUTHOR), Bailey, Robin L (AUTHOR), Mabey, David C W (AUTHOR)
Source: Lancet. 10/8/2005, Vol. 366 Issue 9493, p1296-1300. 5p.
Abstract: Background: Data from studies done in communities where trachoma is mesoendemic suggest that ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis can be eliminated after one mass treatment with antibiotics. However, there are no comparable long-term data from trachoma hyperendemic communities. Our aim, therefore, was two-fold: first, to ascertain the disease pattern of trachoma and ocular infection with C trachomatis in a trachoma hyperendemic community after mass treatment; and, second, to ascertain the risk factors for incident infection.Methods: We did a longitudinal study of a trachoma hyperendemic community (n=1017) in Tanzania. We did surveys, including ocular swabs, at baseline, 2, 6, 12, and 18 months to identify the presence, and quantity, of C trachomatis after single mass treatment of all individuals aged 6 months or older with azithromycin 20 mg per kg; pregnant women without clinical disease received topical tetracycline.Findings: Mass treatment (coverage 86%) significantly reduced the prevalence of infection from 57% (495 of 871) to 12% (85 of 705) at 2 months. Infection remained fairly constant to 12 months, with evidence of increasing numbers and load of infection by 18 months post-treatment. Incident infection at 6 months was 3.5-times more likely if another member of the household had more than 19 organisms per swab at 2 months. Travel outside the village, and visitors to the household, did not increase the risk of infection within households up to 12 months.Interpretation: In this trachoma hyperendemic community, infection levels after high antibiotic coverage persisted at a low level to 18 months, with evidence for re-emergence after 1 year. Fairly light loads of infection were associated with household transmission. Yearly mass treatment over a few years could be sufficient to eliminate infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Lancet is the property of Lancet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis after mass treatment of a trachoma hyperendemic community in Tanzania: a longitudinal study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22West+SK%22">West SK</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Munoz+B%22">Munoz B</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mkocha+H%22">Mkocha H</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Holland+MJ%22">Holland MJ</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Aguirre+A%22">Aguirre A</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Solomon+AW%22">Solomon AW</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Foster+A%22">Foster A</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bailey+RL%22">Bailey RL</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mabey+DCW%22">Mabey DCW</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22West%2C+Sheila+K%22">West, Sheila K</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Munoz%2C+Beatriz%22">Munoz, Beatriz</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mkocha%2C+Harran%22">Mkocha, Harran</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Holland%2C+Martin+J%22">Holland, Martin J</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Aguirre%2C+Aura%22">Aguirre, Aura</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Solomon%2C+Anthony+W%22">Solomon, Anthony W</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Foster%2C+Allen%22">Foster, Allen</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bailey%2C+Robin+L%22">Bailey, Robin L</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mabey%2C+David+C+W%22">Mabey, David C W</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Lancet%22">Lancet</searchLink>. 10/8/2005, Vol. 366 Issue 9493, p1296-1300. 5p.
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  Data: <bold>Background: </bold>Data from studies done in communities where trachoma is mesoendemic suggest that ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis can be eliminated after one mass treatment with antibiotics. However, there are no comparable long-term data from trachoma hyperendemic communities. Our aim, therefore, was two-fold: first, to ascertain the disease pattern of trachoma and ocular infection with C trachomatis in a trachoma hyperendemic community after mass treatment; and, second, to ascertain the risk factors for incident infection.<bold>Methods: </bold>We did a longitudinal study of a trachoma hyperendemic community (n=1017) in Tanzania. We did surveys, including ocular swabs, at baseline, 2, 6, 12, and 18 months to identify the presence, and quantity, of C trachomatis after single mass treatment of all individuals aged 6 months or older with azithromycin 20 mg per kg; pregnant women without clinical disease received topical tetracycline.<bold>Findings: </bold>Mass treatment (coverage 86%) significantly reduced the prevalence of infection from 57% (495 of 871) to 12% (85 of 705) at 2 months. Infection remained fairly constant to 12 months, with evidence of increasing numbers and load of infection by 18 months post-treatment. Incident infection at 6 months was 3.5-times more likely if another member of the household had more than 19 organisms per swab at 2 months. Travel outside the village, and visitors to the household, did not increase the risk of infection within households up to 12 months.<bold>Interpretation: </bold>In this trachoma hyperendemic community, infection levels after high antibiotic coverage persisted at a low level to 18 months, with evidence for re-emergence after 1 year. Fairly light loads of infection were associated with household transmission. Yearly mass treatment over a few years could be sufficient to eliminate infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Lancet is the property of Lancet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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