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Women's employment status and mortality: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

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Title: Women's employment status and mortality: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.
Authors: Rose KM (AUTHOR), Carson AP (AUTHOR), Catellier D (AUTHOR), Diez Roux AV (AUTHOR), Muntaner C (AUTHOR), Tyroler HA (AUTHOR), Wyatt SB (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Women's Health (15409996). Dec2004, Vol. 13 Issue 10, p1108-1118. 11p.
Subjects: Atherosclerosis, Arteriosclerosis, Women's employment, Mortality, Hypertension, Diabetes
Geographic Terms: United States
Abstract: BACKGROUND: As women's labor force participation in the United States has increased over the past decades, there has been an interest in the potential health effects of employment. To date, however, research findings have been contradictory. METHODS: Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between employment status and mortality among 7361 middle-aged African American and white women who participated in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Women were classified as employed or homemakers at the baseline examination (1987-1989) and were followed for approximately 11 years. Proportional hazards regression was used to estimate unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios. RESULTS: After adjusting for sociodemographic factors and selected risk factors for mortality, employed women had a lower risk of mortality than homemakers (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.49, 0.86). This decreased risk of mortality persisted in additional analyses that excluded those who died within the first 2 years of follow-up or, alternatively, those with a history of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, cancer, hypertension, diabetes, or a perception of fair or poor health at baseline. In cause of death-specific analyses, the mortality advantage among employed women persisted for circulatory system-related deaths; however, the association for cancer-related deaths was weaker, and the CI included one. CONCLUSIONS: As the association between employment status and mortality was not explained by known risk factors for mortality, additional research is needed to identify other potential factors that may help to explain this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Women's Health (15409996) is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
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DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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IllustrationInfo
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Women's employment status and mortality: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rose+KM%22">Rose KM</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Carson+AP%22">Carson AP</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Catellier+D%22">Catellier D</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Diez+Roux+AV%22">Diez Roux AV</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Muntaner+C%22">Muntaner C</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tyroler+HA%22">Tyroler HA</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wyatt+SB%22">Wyatt SB</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Women's+Health+%2815409996%29%22">Journal of Women's Health (15409996)</searchLink>. Dec2004, Vol. 13 Issue 10, p1108-1118. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atherosclerosis%22">Atherosclerosis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Arteriosclerosis%22">Arteriosclerosis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Women's+employment%22">Women's employment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mortality%22">Mortality</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hypertension%22">Hypertension</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Diabetes%22">Diabetes</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+States%22">United States</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: BACKGROUND: As women's labor force participation in the United States has increased over the past decades, there has been an interest in the potential health effects of employment. To date, however, research findings have been contradictory. METHODS: Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between employment status and mortality among 7361 middle-aged African American and white women who participated in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Women were classified as employed or homemakers at the baseline examination (1987-1989) and were followed for approximately 11 years. Proportional hazards regression was used to estimate unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios. RESULTS: After adjusting for sociodemographic factors and selected risk factors for mortality, employed women had a lower risk of mortality than homemakers (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.49, 0.86). This decreased risk of mortality persisted in additional analyses that excluded those who died within the first 2 years of follow-up or, alternatively, those with a history of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, cancer, hypertension, diabetes, or a perception of fair or poor health at baseline. In cause of death-specific analyses, the mortality advantage among employed women persisted for circulatory system-related deaths; however, the association for cancer-related deaths was weaker, and the CI included one. CONCLUSIONS: As the association between employment status and mortality was not explained by known risk factors for mortality, additional research is needed to identify other potential factors that may help to explain this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Women's Health (15409996) is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=106622599
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1089/jwh.2004.13.1108
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 1108
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Atherosclerosis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Arteriosclerosis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Women's employment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mortality
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hypertension
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Diabetes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: United States
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Women's employment status and mortality: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.
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            NameFull: Rose KM
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            NameFull: Carson AP
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            NameFull: Muntaner C
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              M: 12
              Text: Dec2004
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              Y: 2004
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              Value: 13
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              Value: 10
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