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Personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and the severity of virus-induced asthma in children.

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Title: Personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and the severity of virus-induced asthma in children.
Authors: Chauhan AJ (AUTHOR), Inskip HM (AUTHOR), Linaker CH (AUTHOR), Smith S (AUTHOR), Schreiber J (AUTHOR), Johnston SL (AUTHOR), Holgate ST (AUTHOR), Chauhan, A J (AUTHOR), Inskip, Hazel M (AUTHOR), Linaker, Catherine H (AUTHOR), Smith, Sandra (AUTHOR), Schreiber, Jacqueline (AUTHOR), Johnston, Sebastian L (AUTHOR), Holgate, Stephen T (AUTHOR)
Source: Lancet. 6/7/2003, Vol. 361 Issue 9373, p1939-1944. 6p.
Abstract: Background: A link between exposure to the air pollutant nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and respiratory disease has been suggested. Viral infections are the major cause of asthma exacerbations. We aimed to assess whether there is a relation between NO2 exposure and the severity of asthma exacerbations caused by proven respiratory viral infections in children.Methods: A cohort of 114 asthmatic children aged between 8 and 11 years recorded daily upper and lower respiratory-tract symptoms, peak expiratory flow (PEF), and measured personal NO2 exposures every week for up to 13 months. We took nasal aspirates during reported episodes of upper respiratory-tract illness and tested for infection by common respiratory viruses and atypical bacteria with RT-PCR assays. We used generalised estimating equations to assess the relation between low (<7.5 microg/m3), medium (7.5-14 microg/m3 ), and high (>14 microg/m3) tertiles of NO2 exposure in the week before or after upper respiratory-tract infection and the severity of asthma exacerbation in the week after the start of an infection.Findings: One or more viruses were detected in 78% of reported infection episodes, and the medians of NO2 exposure were 5 (IQR 3.6-6.3), 10 (8.7-12.0), and 21 microg/m3 (16.8-42.9) for low, medium, and high tertiles, respectively. There were significant increases in the severity of lower respiratory-tract symptom scores across the three tertiles (0.6 for all viruses [p=0.05] and >2 for respiratory syncytial virus [p=0.01]) and a reduction in PEF of more than 12 L/min for picornavirus (p=0.04) for high compared with low NO2 exposure before the start of the virus-induced exacerbation.Interpretation: High exposure to NO2 in the week before the start of a respiratory viral infection, and at levels within current air quality standards, is associated with an increase in the severity of a resulting asthma exacerbation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Lancet is the property of Lancet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and the severity of virus-induced asthma in children.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Chauhan+AJ%22&quot;&gt;Chauhan AJ&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Inskip+HM%22&quot;&gt;Inskip HM&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Linaker+CH%22&quot;&gt;Linaker CH&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Smith+S%22&quot;&gt;Smith S&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Schreiber+J%22&quot;&gt;Schreiber J&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Johnston+SL%22&quot;&gt;Johnston SL&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Holgate+ST%22&quot;&gt;Holgate ST&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Chauhan%2C+A+J%22&quot;&gt;Chauhan, A J&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Inskip%2C+Hazel+M%22&quot;&gt;Inskip, Hazel M&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Linaker%2C+Catherine+H%22&quot;&gt;Linaker, Catherine H&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Smith%2C+Sandra%22&quot;&gt;Smith, Sandra&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Schreiber%2C+Jacqueline%22&quot;&gt;Schreiber, Jacqueline&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Johnston%2C+Sebastian+L%22&quot;&gt;Johnston, Sebastian L&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Holgate%2C+Stephen+T%22&quot;&gt;Holgate, Stephen T&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Lancet%22&quot;&gt;Lancet&lt;/searchLink&gt;. 6/7/2003, Vol. 361 Issue 9373, p1939-1944. 6p.
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  Data: &lt;bold&gt;Background: &lt;/bold&gt;A link between exposure to the air pollutant nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and respiratory disease has been suggested. Viral infections are the major cause of asthma exacerbations. We aimed to assess whether there is a relation between NO2 exposure and the severity of asthma exacerbations caused by proven respiratory viral infections in children.&lt;bold&gt;Methods: &lt;/bold&gt;A cohort of 114 asthmatic children aged between 8 and 11 years recorded daily upper and lower respiratory-tract symptoms, peak expiratory flow (PEF), and measured personal NO2 exposures every week for up to 13 months. We took nasal aspirates during reported episodes of upper respiratory-tract illness and tested for infection by common respiratory viruses and atypical bacteria with RT-PCR assays. We used generalised estimating equations to assess the relation between low (&lt;7.5 microg/m3), medium (7.5-14 microg/m3 ), and high (&gt;14 microg/m3) tertiles of NO2 exposure in the week before or after upper respiratory-tract infection and the severity of asthma exacerbation in the week after the start of an infection.&lt;bold&gt;Findings: &lt;/bold&gt;One or more viruses were detected in 78% of reported infection episodes, and the medians of NO2 exposure were 5 (IQR 3.6-6.3), 10 (8.7-12.0), and 21 microg/m3 (16.8-42.9) for low, medium, and high tertiles, respectively. There were significant increases in the severity of lower respiratory-tract symptom scores across the three tertiles (0.6 for all viruses [p=0.05] and &gt;2 for respiratory syncytial virus [p=0.01]) and a reduction in PEF of more than 12 L/min for picornavirus (p=0.04) for high compared with low NO2 exposure before the start of the virus-induced exacerbation.&lt;bold&gt;Interpretation: &lt;/bold&gt;High exposure to NO2 in the week before the start of a respiratory viral infection, and at levels within current air quality standards, is associated with an increase in the severity of a resulting asthma exacerbation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Lancet is the property of Lancet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13582-9
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        StartPage: 1939
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              Text: 6/7/2003
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