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A community waterborne outbreak of salmonellosis and the effectiveness of a boil water order.

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Title: A community waterborne outbreak of salmonellosis and the effectiveness of a boil water order.
Authors: Angulo FJ (AUTHOR), Tippen S (AUTHOR), Sharp DJ (AUTHOR), Payne BJ (AUTHOR), Collier C (AUTHOR), Hill JE (AUTHOR), Barrett TJ (AUTHOR), Clark RM (AUTHOR), Geldreich EE (AUTHOR), Donnell HD Jr. (AUTHOR), Swerdlow DL (AUTHOR)
Source: American Journal of Public Health. Apr97, Vol. 87 Issue 4, p580-584. 5p.
Subjects: Waterborne infection, Salmonella food poisoning, Salmonella, Aquatic microbiology
Geographic Terms: Gideon (Mo.), Missouri
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: A 1993 large water-borne outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium infections in Gideon, Mo, a city of 1100 with an unchlorinated community water supply, was investigated to determine the source of contamination and the effectiveness of an order to boil water. METHODS: A survey of household members in Gideon and the surrounding township produced information on diarrheal illness, water consumption, and compliance with the boil water order. RESULTS: More than 650 persons were ill; 15 were hospitalized, and 7 died. Persons consuming city water were more likely to be ill (relative risk [RR] = 9.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.9, 28.4), and the attack rate increased with increased water consumption. S. typhimurium was recovered from samples taken from a city fire hydrant and a water storage tower. Persons in 31% (30/ 98) of city households had drunk unboiled water after being informed about the boil water order, including 14 individuals who subsequently became ill. Reasons for noncompliance included 'not remembering' (44%) and 'disbelieving' (25%) the order. CONCLUSIONS: Communities with deteriorating water systems risk widespread illness unless water supplies are properly operated and maintained. Effective education to improve compliance during boil water orders is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of American Journal of Public Health is the property of American Public Health Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: A community waterborne outbreak of salmonellosis and the effectiveness of a boil water order.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Angulo+FJ%22">Angulo FJ</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tippen+S%22">Tippen S</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sharp+DJ%22">Sharp DJ</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Payne+BJ%22">Payne BJ</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Collier+C%22">Collier C</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hill+JE%22">Hill JE</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Barrett+TJ%22">Barrett TJ</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Clark+RM%22">Clark RM</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Geldreich+EE%22">Geldreich EE</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Donnell+HD+Jr%2E%22">Donnell HD Jr.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Swerdlow+DL%22">Swerdlow DL</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22American+Journal+of+Public+Health%22">American Journal of Public Health</searchLink>. Apr97, Vol. 87 Issue 4, p580-584. 5p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Waterborne+infection%22">Waterborne infection</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Salmonella+food+poisoning%22">Salmonella food poisoning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Salmonella%22">Salmonella</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aquatic+microbiology%22">Aquatic microbiology</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gideon+%28Mo%2E%29%22">Gideon (Mo.)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Missouri%22">Missouri</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: OBJECTIVES: A 1993 large water-borne outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium infections in Gideon, Mo, a city of 1100 with an unchlorinated community water supply, was investigated to determine the source of contamination and the effectiveness of an order to boil water. METHODS: A survey of household members in Gideon and the surrounding township produced information on diarrheal illness, water consumption, and compliance with the boil water order. RESULTS: More than 650 persons were ill; 15 were hospitalized, and 7 died. Persons consuming city water were more likely to be ill (relative risk [RR] = 9.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.9, 28.4), and the attack rate increased with increased water consumption. S. typhimurium was recovered from samples taken from a city fire hydrant and a water storage tower. Persons in 31% (30/ 98) of city households had drunk unboiled water after being informed about the boil water order, including 14 individuals who subsequently became ill. Reasons for noncompliance included 'not remembering' (44%) and 'disbelieving' (25%) the order. CONCLUSIONS: Communities with deteriorating water systems risk widespread illness unless water supplies are properly operated and maintained. Effective education to improve compliance during boil water orders is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of American Journal of Public Health is the property of American Public Health Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.2105/AJPH.87.4.580
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Salmonella food poisoning
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      – SubjectFull: Salmonella
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      – SubjectFull: Aquatic microbiology
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      – SubjectFull: Gideon (Mo.)
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      – SubjectFull: Missouri
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              Text: Apr97
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              Y: 1997
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