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Substance use in individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis.

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Title: Substance use in individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis.
Authors: Buchy, L., Cadenhead, K. S., Cannon, T. D., Cornblatt, B. A., McGlashan, T. H., Perkins, D. O., Seidman, L. J., Tsuang, M. T., Walker, E. F., Woods, S. W., Heinssen, R., Bearden, C. E., Mathalon, D., Addington, J.
Source: Psychological Medicine. Aug2015, Vol. 45 Issue 11, p2275-2284. 10p.
Subjects: Psychoses risk factors, Cannabis (Genus), Chi-squared test, Comparative studies, Ethanol, Fisher exact test, Longitudinal method, Classification of mental disorders, Questionnaires, Regression analysis, Research funding, Statistics, Substance abuse, T-test (Statistics), Tobacco, Data analysis, Data analysis software, Mann Whitney U Test, Kruskal-Wallis Test
Abstract: Background. A series of research reports has indicated that the use of substances such as cannabis, alcohol and tobacco are higher in youth at clinical high risk (CHR) of developing psychosis than in controls. Little is known about the longitudinal trajectory of substance use, and findings on the relationship between substance use and later transition to psychosis in CHR individuals are mixed. Method. At baseline and 6- and 12-month follow-ups, 735 CHR and 278 control participants completed the Alcohol and Drug Use Scale and a cannabis use questionnaire. The longitudinal trajectory of substance use was evaluated with linear mixed models. Results. CHR participants endorsed significantly higher cannabis and tobacco use severity, and lower alcohol use severity, at baseline and over a 1-year period compared with controls. CHR youth had higher lifetime prevalence and frequency of cannabis, and were significantly younger upon first use, and were more likely to use alone and during the day. Baseline substance use did not differentiate participants who later transitioned to psychosis (n = 90) from those who did not transition (n = 272). Controls had lower tobacco use than CHR participants with a prodromal progression clinical outcome and lower cannabis use than those with a psychotic clinical outcome at the 2-year assessment. Conclusions. In CHR individuals cannabis and tobacco use is higher than in controls and this pattern persists across 1 year. Evaluation of clinical outcome may provide additional information on the longitudinal impact of substance use that cannot be detected through evaluation of transition/non-transition to psychosis alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Substance use in individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Buchy%2C+L%2E%22">Buchy, L.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cadenhead%2C+K%2E+S%2E%22">Cadenhead, K. S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cannon%2C+T%2E+D%2E%22">Cannon, T. D.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cornblatt%2C+B%2E+A%2E%22">Cornblatt, B. A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22McGlashan%2C+T%2E+H%2E%22">McGlashan, T. H.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Perkins%2C+D%2E+O%2E%22">Perkins, D. O.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Seidman%2C+L%2E+J%2E%22">Seidman, L. J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tsuang%2C+M%2E+T%2E%22">Tsuang, M. T.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Walker%2C+E%2E+F%2E%22">Walker, E. F.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Woods%2C+S%2E+W%2E%22">Woods, S. W.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Heinssen%2C+R%2E%22">Heinssen, R.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bearden%2C+C%2E+E%2E%22">Bearden, C. E.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mathalon%2C+D%2E%22">Mathalon, D.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Addington%2C+J%2E%22">Addington, J.</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychological+Medicine%22">Psychological Medicine</searchLink>. Aug2015, Vol. 45 Issue 11, p2275-2284. 10p.
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Background. A series of research reports has indicated that the use of substances such as cannabis, alcohol and tobacco are higher in youth at clinical high risk (CHR) of developing psychosis than in controls. Little is known about the longitudinal trajectory of substance use, and findings on the relationship between substance use and later transition to psychosis in CHR individuals are mixed. Method. At baseline and 6- and 12-month follow-ups, 735 CHR and 278 control participants completed the Alcohol and Drug Use Scale and a cannabis use questionnaire. The longitudinal trajectory of substance use was evaluated with linear mixed models. Results. CHR participants endorsed significantly higher cannabis and tobacco use severity, and lower alcohol use severity, at baseline and over a 1-year period compared with controls. CHR youth had higher lifetime prevalence and frequency of cannabis, and were significantly younger upon first use, and were more likely to use alone and during the day. Baseline substance use did not differentiate participants who later transitioned to psychosis (n = 90) from those who did not transition (n = 272). Controls had lower tobacco use than CHR participants with a prodromal progression clinical outcome and lower cannabis use than those with a psychotic clinical outcome at the 2-year assessment. Conclusions. In CHR individuals cannabis and tobacco use is higher than in controls and this pattern persists across 1 year. Evaluation of clinical outcome may provide additional information on the longitudinal impact of substance use that cannot be detected through evaluation of transition/non-transition to psychosis alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1017/S0033291715000227
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