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Polysubstance use, mental health and high-risk behaviours: Results from the 2012 Global Drug Survey.

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Title: Polysubstance use, mental health and high-risk behaviours: Results from the 2012 Global Drug Survey.
Authors: Morley, Katherine I., Lynskey, Michael T., Moran, Paul, Borschmann, Rohan, Winstock, Adam R.
Source: Drug & Alcohol Review. Jul2015, Vol. 34 Issue 4, p427-437. 11p. 3 Charts, 1 Graph.
Subjects: Substance abuse, Risk-taking behavior, Mental health surveys, Latent class analysis (Statistics), Epidemiology, Comorbidity, Pathological psychology, Physiology
Abstract: Introduction and Aims. Polysubstance use is associated with adverse health and social outcomes, but few studies have investigated whether these associations differ between individuals engaged in different patterns of illicit drug and nonprescription medication use. Design and Methods. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify patterns of drug use in the Global Drug Survey, a purposive sample collected in late 2012 and surveyed using an online questionnaire including past-year drug use, sociodemographics, mental illness, involvement in violence and sexual behaviour. The sample analysed (n = 14 869; median age 27 years; 68.5% male) included those residing in the UK (n = 5869), Australia (n = 6313) and the USA (n = 2687). Results. LCA of cannabis, ecstasy, cocaine, stimulants, nitrous, ketamine, benzodiazepines and opioid painkiller use identified six classes: no polysubstance use (Class 1, 49.1%); cannabis and ecstasy (Class 2, 23.6%); all illicit drugs (Class 3, 9.4%); ecstasy and cocaine (Class 4, 8.3%); cannabis and medication (Class 5, 5.9%); and all drugs (Class 6, 3.8%). Participants diagnosed with anxiety were most likely to belong to Class 5 [odds ratio (OR) 2.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.10-3.38]. Violent behaviour was most strongly associated with Class 6 membership (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.36-2.64). Sexual risk-taking also predicted membership of this class (OR 5.79,95% CI 4.66-7.18) and Class 4 (OR 4.41, 95% CI 3.57-5.43). Discussion and Conclusions. Five heterogeneous groups of polysubstance users were identified in this international sample covering the UK, Australia and USA. Anxiety disorders were associated with medication and cannabis use, while high-risk behaviours predicted use of cocaine and ecstasy, or wide-ranging polysubstance use including ketamine and medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Drug & Alcohol Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Polysubstance use, mental health and high-risk behaviours: Results from the 2012 Global Drug Survey.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Morley%2C+Katherine+I%2E%22">Morley, Katherine I.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lynskey%2C+Michael+T%2E%22">Lynskey, Michael T.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Moran%2C+Paul%22">Moran, Paul</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Borschmann%2C+Rohan%22">Borschmann, Rohan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Winstock%2C+Adam+R%2E%22">Winstock, Adam R.</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Drug+%26+Alcohol+Review%22">Drug & Alcohol Review</searchLink>. Jul2015, Vol. 34 Issue 4, p427-437. 11p. 3 Charts, 1 Graph.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Substance+abuse%22">Substance abuse</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Risk-taking+behavior%22">Risk-taking behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+health+surveys%22">Mental health surveys</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Latent+class+analysis+%28Statistics%29%22">Latent class analysis (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Epidemiology%22">Epidemiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comorbidity%22">Comorbidity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pathological+psychology%22">Pathological psychology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physiology%22">Physiology</searchLink>
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  Data: Introduction and Aims. Polysubstance use is associated with adverse health and social outcomes, but few studies have investigated whether these associations differ between individuals engaged in different patterns of illicit drug and nonprescription medication use. Design and Methods. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify patterns of drug use in the Global Drug Survey, a purposive sample collected in late 2012 and surveyed using an online questionnaire including past-year drug use, sociodemographics, mental illness, involvement in violence and sexual behaviour. The sample analysed (n = 14 869; median age 27 years; 68.5% male) included those residing in the UK (n = 5869), Australia (n = 6313) and the USA (n = 2687). Results. LCA of cannabis, ecstasy, cocaine, stimulants, nitrous, ketamine, benzodiazepines and opioid painkiller use identified six classes: no polysubstance use (Class 1, 49.1%); cannabis and ecstasy (Class 2, 23.6%); all illicit drugs (Class 3, 9.4%); ecstasy and cocaine (Class 4, 8.3%); cannabis and medication (Class 5, 5.9%); and all drugs (Class 6, 3.8%). Participants diagnosed with anxiety were most likely to belong to Class 5 [odds ratio (OR) 2.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.10-3.38]. Violent behaviour was most strongly associated with Class 6 membership (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.36-2.64). Sexual risk-taking also predicted membership of this class (OR 5.79,95% CI 4.66-7.18) and Class 4 (OR 4.41, 95% CI 3.57-5.43). Discussion and Conclusions. Five heterogeneous groups of polysubstance users were identified in this international sample covering the UK, Australia and USA. Anxiety disorders were associated with medication and cannabis use, while high-risk behaviours predicted use of cocaine and ecstasy, or wide-ranging polysubstance use including ketamine and medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Drug & Alcohol Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Risk-taking behavior
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      – TitleFull: Polysubstance use, mental health and high-risk behaviours: Results from the 2012 Global Drug Survey.
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              Text: Jul2015
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