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Rivastigmine improves isolation rearing-induced prepulse inhibition deficits via muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in mice.

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Title: Rivastigmine improves isolation rearing-induced prepulse inhibition deficits via muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in mice.
Authors: Higashino, Kosuke, Ago, Yukio, Umeki, Takahiro, Hasebe, Shigeru, Onaka, Yusuke, Hashimoto, Hitoshi, Takuma, Kazuhiro, Matsuda, Toshio
Source: Psychopharmacology. Feb2016, Vol. 233 Issue 3, p521-528. 8p. 1 Chart, 5 Graphs.
Subjects: Alzheimer's disease treatment, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, Donepezil, Galanthamine, Microdialysis, Laboratory mice
Abstract: Rationale: The acetylcholinesterase inhibitors donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine are used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. We previously demonstrated that donepezil and galantamine differentially affect isolation rearing-induced prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits and that this might be due to differential effects on brain muscarinic acetylcholine (mACh) receptor function in mice. Objectives: We examined the effects of rivastigmine on isolation rearing-induced PPI deficits, brain ACh levels, and mACh receptor function in mice. Methods: Acoustic startle responses were measured in a startle chamber. Microdialysis was performed, and the levels of dopamine and ACh in the prefrontal cortex were measured. Results: Rivastigmine (0.3 mg/kg) improved PPI deficits, and this improvement was antagonized by the mACh receptor antagonist telenzepine but not by the nicotinic ACh receptor antagonist mecamylamine. Rivastigmine increased extracellular ACh levels by approximately 2-3-fold, less than the increase produced by galantamine. Rivastigmine enhanced the effect of the mACh receptor agonist N-desmethylclozapine on prefrontal dopamine release, a marker of mACh receptor function, and this increase was blocked by telenzepine. In contrast, galantamine did not affect N-desmethylclozapine-induced dopamine release. Furthermore, rivastigmine did not affect cortical dopamine release induced by the serotonin receptor agonist osemozotan, suggesting that the effect of rivastigmine has specificity for mACh receptors. Conclusions: Taken together with our previous finding that marked increases in ACh levels are required for the PPI deficit improvement induced by galantamine, our present results suggest that rivastigmine improves isolation rearing-induced PPI deficits by increasing ACh levels and by concomitantly enhancing mACh receptor function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychopharmacology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Rivastigmine improves isolation rearing-induced prepulse inhibition deficits via muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in mice.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Higashino%2C+Kosuke%22">Higashino, Kosuke</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ago%2C+Yukio%22">Ago, Yukio</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Umeki%2C+Takahiro%22">Umeki, Takahiro</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hasebe%2C+Shigeru%22">Hasebe, Shigeru</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Onaka%2C+Yusuke%22">Onaka, Yusuke</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hashimoto%2C+Hitoshi%22">Hashimoto, Hitoshi</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Takuma%2C+Kazuhiro%22">Takuma, Kazuhiro</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Matsuda%2C+Toshio%22">Matsuda, Toshio</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychopharmacology%22">Psychopharmacology</searchLink>. Feb2016, Vol. 233 Issue 3, p521-528. 8p. 1 Chart, 5 Graphs.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alzheimer's+disease+treatment%22">Alzheimer's disease treatment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Muscarinic+acetylcholine+receptors%22">Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Donepezil%22">Donepezil</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Galanthamine%22">Galanthamine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microdialysis%22">Microdialysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Laboratory+mice%22">Laboratory mice</searchLink>
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  Data: Rationale: The acetylcholinesterase inhibitors donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine are used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. We previously demonstrated that donepezil and galantamine differentially affect isolation rearing-induced prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits and that this might be due to differential effects on brain muscarinic acetylcholine (mACh) receptor function in mice. Objectives: We examined the effects of rivastigmine on isolation rearing-induced PPI deficits, brain ACh levels, and mACh receptor function in mice. Methods: Acoustic startle responses were measured in a startle chamber. Microdialysis was performed, and the levels of dopamine and ACh in the prefrontal cortex were measured. Results: Rivastigmine (0.3 mg/kg) improved PPI deficits, and this improvement was antagonized by the mACh receptor antagonist telenzepine but not by the nicotinic ACh receptor antagonist mecamylamine. Rivastigmine increased extracellular ACh levels by approximately 2-3-fold, less than the increase produced by galantamine. Rivastigmine enhanced the effect of the mACh receptor agonist N-desmethylclozapine on prefrontal dopamine release, a marker of mACh receptor function, and this increase was blocked by telenzepine. In contrast, galantamine did not affect N-desmethylclozapine-induced dopamine release. Furthermore, rivastigmine did not affect cortical dopamine release induced by the serotonin receptor agonist osemozotan, suggesting that the effect of rivastigmine has specificity for mACh receptors. Conclusions: Taken together with our previous finding that marked increases in ACh levels are required for the PPI deficit improvement induced by galantamine, our present results suggest that rivastigmine improves isolation rearing-induced PPI deficits by increasing ACh levels and by concomitantly enhancing mACh receptor function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychopharmacology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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