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Orienting versus inhibition in the Concealed Information Test: Different cognitive processes drive different physiological measures.

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Title: Orienting versus inhibition in the Concealed Information Test: Different cognitive processes drive different physiological measures.
Authors: klein Selle, Nathalie, Verschuere, Bruno, Kindt, Merel, Meijer, Ewout, Ben‐Shakhar, Gershon
Source: Psychophysiology. Apr2016, Vol. 53 Issue 4, p579-590. 12p. 4 Charts, 2 Graphs.
Subjects: Orienting reflex, Galvanic skin response, Heart beat, Crime, Physiology
Abstract: The Concealed Information Test (CIT) provides a valid tool for psychophysiological detection of concealed knowledge. However, its precise theoretical underpinnings remain a matter of debate. The differential physiological responses elicited by concealed, relevant items, relative to control items, were traditionally explained as reflecting an orienting response (OR). According to an alternative account, these responses reflect attempts to inhibit arousal. The present study examined whether and to what extent CIT detection efficiency is affected by instructions aimed at manipulating arousal inhibition (AI). One hundred and forty-eight undergraduate students completed a CIT, while electrodermal, cardiac, and respiratory measures were recorded. Half of the participants were requested to imagine that they are suspected of committing a crime and were motivated to avoid detection (presumably eliciting both OR and AI), while the other half were requested to imagine that they are witnesses of a crime and were motivated to be detected (presumably eliciting OR only). All participants were further requested to remain silent throughout the test. In both conditions, concealed items led to a similar increase in skin conductance as compared to the control items. However, the typically observed heart rate deceleration and respiratory suppression were found in suspects, but not in witnesses. These data imply that different mechanisms drive the responding of different psychophysiological measures used in the CIT, with skin conductance reflecting OR, and heart rate and respiration primarily reflecting AI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychophysiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Orienting versus inhibition in the Concealed Information Test: Different cognitive processes drive different physiological measures.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22klein+Selle%2C+Nathalie%22">klein Selle, Nathalie</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Verschuere%2C+Bruno%22">Verschuere, Bruno</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kindt%2C+Merel%22">Kindt, Merel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Meijer%2C+Ewout%22">Meijer, Ewout</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ben‐Shakhar%2C+Gershon%22">Ben‐Shakhar, Gershon</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychophysiology%22">Psychophysiology</searchLink>. Apr2016, Vol. 53 Issue 4, p579-590. 12p. 4 Charts, 2 Graphs.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Orienting+reflex%22">Orienting reflex</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Galvanic+skin+response%22">Galvanic skin response</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heart+beat%22">Heart beat</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crime%22">Crime</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physiology%22">Physiology</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The Concealed Information Test (CIT) provides a valid tool for psychophysiological detection of concealed knowledge. However, its precise theoretical underpinnings remain a matter of debate. The differential physiological responses elicited by concealed, relevant items, relative to control items, were traditionally explained as reflecting an orienting response (OR). According to an alternative account, these responses reflect attempts to inhibit arousal. The present study examined whether and to what extent CIT detection efficiency is affected by instructions aimed at manipulating arousal inhibition (AI). One hundred and forty-eight undergraduate students completed a CIT, while electrodermal, cardiac, and respiratory measures were recorded. Half of the participants were requested to imagine that they are suspected of committing a crime and were motivated to avoid detection (presumably eliciting both OR and AI), while the other half were requested to imagine that they are witnesses of a crime and were motivated to be detected (presumably eliciting OR only). All participants were further requested to remain silent throughout the test. In both conditions, concealed items led to a similar increase in skin conductance as compared to the control items. However, the typically observed heart rate deceleration and respiratory suppression were found in suspects, but not in witnesses. These data imply that different mechanisms drive the responding of different psychophysiological measures used in the CIT, with skin conductance reflecting OR, and heart rate and respiration primarily reflecting AI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychophysiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1111/psyp.12583
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        Text: English
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              Text: Apr2016
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