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A randomized controlled trial into the effects of neurofeedback, methylphenidate, and physical activity on EEG power spectra in children with ADHD.

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Title: A randomized controlled trial into the effects of neurofeedback, methylphenidate, and physical activity on EEG power spectra in children with ADHD.
Authors: Janssen, Tieme W. P., Bink, Marleen, Geladé, Katleen, Mourik, Rosa, Maras, Athanasios, Oosterlaan, Jaap
Source: Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry. May2016, Vol. 57 Issue 5, p633-644. 12p. 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 2 Graphs.
Subjects: Treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Methylphenidate, Placebos, Analysis of covariance, Analysis of variance, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Physiological control systems, Chi-squared test, Comparative studies, Confidence intervals, Statistical correlation, Electroencephalography, Fisher exact test, Medical cooperation, Pediatrics, Probability theory, Research, Research funding, Statistics, Data analysis, Randomized controlled trials, Pre-tests & post-tests, Repeated measures design, Blind experiment, Physical activity, Data analysis software, Descriptive statistics, Therapeutics
Geographic Terms: Netherlands
Abstract: Background The clinical and neurophysiological effects of neurofeedback (NF) as treatment for children with ADHD are still unclear. This randomized controlled trial ( RCT) examined electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectra before and after NF compared to methylphenidate ( MPH) treatment and physical activity ( PA) - as semi-active control group - during resting and active (effortful) task conditions to determine whether NF can induce sustained alterations in brain function. Methods Using a multicentre three-way parallel group RCT design, 112 children with a DSM- IV diagnosis of ADHD, aged between 7 and 13 years, were initially included. NF training consisted of 30 sessions of theta/beta training at Cz over a 10-week period. PA training was a semi-active control group, matched in frequency and duration. Methylphenidate was titrated using a double-blind placebo controlled procedure in 6 weeks, followed by a stable dose for 4 weeks. EEG power spectra measures during eyes open ( EO), eyes closed ( EC) and task (effortful) conditions were available for 81 children at pre- and postintervention ( n = 29 NF, n = 25 MPH, n = 27 PA). Clinical trials registration: Train Your Brain? Exercise and Neurofeedback Intervention for ADHD, ; NCT01363544, Ref. No. NCT01363544. Results Both NF and MPH resulted in comparable reductions in theta power from pre- to postintervention during the EO condition compared to PA (ηp2 = .08 and .12). For NF, greater reductions in theta were related to greater reductions in ADHD symptoms. During the task condition, only MPH showed reductions in theta and alpha power compared to PA (ηp2 = .10 and .12). Conclusions This study provides evidence for specific neurophysiological effects after theta/beta NF and MPH treatment in children with ADHD. However, for NF these effects did not generalize to an active task condition, potentially explaining reduced behavioural effects of NF in the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: A randomized controlled trial into the effects of neurofeedback, methylphenidate, and physical activity on EEG power spectra in children with ADHD.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Child+Psychology+%26+Psychiatry%22">Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry</searchLink>. May2016, Vol. 57 Issue 5, p633-644. 12p. 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 2 Graphs.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Treatment+of+attention-deficit+hyperactivity+disorder%22">Treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Methylphenidate%22">Methylphenidate</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Placebos%22">Placebos</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Analysis+of+covariance%22">Analysis of covariance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Analysis+of+variance%22">Analysis of variance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attention-deficit+hyperactivity+disorder%22">Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physiological+control+systems%22">Physiological control systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chi-squared+test%22">Chi-squared test</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+studies%22">Comparative studies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence+intervals%22">Confidence intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+correlation%22">Statistical correlation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electroencephalography%22">Electroencephalography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fisher+exact+test%22">Fisher exact test</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+cooperation%22">Medical cooperation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pediatrics%22">Pediatrics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Probability+theory%22">Probability theory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research%22">Research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics%22">Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis%22">Data analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Randomized+controlled+trials%22">Randomized controlled trials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pre-tests+%26+post-tests%22">Pre-tests & post-tests</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Repeated+measures+design%22">Repeated measures design</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Blind+experiment%22">Blind experiment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physical+activity%22">Physical activity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Therapeutics%22">Therapeutics</searchLink>
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  Data: Background The clinical and neurophysiological effects of neurofeedback (NF) as treatment for children with ADHD are still unclear. This randomized controlled trial ( RCT) examined electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectra before and after NF compared to methylphenidate ( MPH) treatment and physical activity ( PA) - as semi-active control group - during resting and active (effortful) task conditions to determine whether NF can induce sustained alterations in brain function. Methods Using a multicentre three-way parallel group RCT design, 112 children with a DSM- IV diagnosis of ADHD, aged between 7 and 13 years, were initially included. NF training consisted of 30 sessions of theta/beta training at Cz over a 10-week period. PA training was a semi-active control group, matched in frequency and duration. Methylphenidate was titrated using a double-blind placebo controlled procedure in 6 weeks, followed by a stable dose for 4 weeks. EEG power spectra measures during eyes open ( EO), eyes closed ( EC) and task (effortful) conditions were available for 81 children at pre- and postintervention ( n = 29 NF, n = 25 MPH, n = 27 PA). Clinical trials registration: Train Your Brain? Exercise and Neurofeedback Intervention for ADHD, ; NCT01363544, Ref. No. NCT01363544. Results Both NF and MPH resulted in comparable reductions in theta power from pre- to postintervention during the EO condition compared to PA (ηp2 = .08 and .12). For NF, greater reductions in theta were related to greater reductions in ADHD symptoms. During the task condition, only MPH showed reductions in theta and alpha power compared to PA (ηp2 = .10 and .12). Conclusions This study provides evidence for specific neurophysiological effects after theta/beta NF and MPH treatment in children with ADHD. However, for NF these effects did not generalize to an active task condition, potentially explaining reduced behavioural effects of NF in the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
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        Value: 10.1111/jcpp.12517
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 633
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Methylphenidate
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      – SubjectFull: Placebos
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      – SubjectFull: Analysis of covariance
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      – SubjectFull: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
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      – SubjectFull: Physiological control systems
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      – SubjectFull: Chi-squared test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Comparative studies
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      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
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      – SubjectFull: Statistical correlation
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      – SubjectFull: Electroencephalography
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      – SubjectFull: Fisher exact test
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