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Verbal memory declines more in female patients with Parkinson's disease: the importance of gender-corrected normative data.

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Title: Verbal memory declines more in female patients with Parkinson's disease: the importance of gender-corrected normative data.
Authors: Fengler, S., Roeske, S., Heber, I., Reetz, K., Schulz, J. B., Riedel, O., Wittchen, H.U., Storch, A., Linse, K., Baudrexel, S., Hilker, R., Mollenhauer, B., Witt, K., Schmidt, N., Balzer-Geldsetzer, M., Dams, J., Dodel, R., Gräber, S., Pilotto, A., Petrelli, A.
Source: Psychological Medicine. Aug2016, Vol. 46 Issue 11, p2275-2286. 12p.
Subjects: Cognition, Neuropsychological tests, Memory, Parkinson's disease, Probability theory, Sex distribution, Mathematical variables
Abstract: BackgroundData on gender-specific profiles of cognitive functions in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are rare and inconsistent, and possible disease-confounding factors have been insufficiently considered.MethodThe LANDSCAPE study on cognition in PD enrolled 656 PD patients (267 without cognitive impairment, 66% male; 292 with mild cognitive impairment, 69% male; 97 with PD dementia, 69% male). Raw values and age-, education-, and gender-corrected Z scores of a neuropsychological test battery (CERAD-Plus) were compared between genders. Motor symptoms, disease duration, l-dopa equivalent daily dose, depression - and additionally age and education for the raw value analysis - were taken as covariates.ResultsRaw-score analysis replicated results of previous studies in that female PD patients were superior in verbal memory (word list learning, p = 0.02; recall, p = 0.03), while men outperformed women in visuoconstruction (p = 0.002) and figural memory (p = 0.005). In contrast, gender-corrected Z scores showed that men were superior in verbal memory (word list learning, p = 0.02; recall, p = 0.02; recognition, p = 0.04), while no difference was found for visuospatial tests. This picture could be observed both in the overall analysis of PD patients as well as in a differentiated group analysis.ConclusionsNormative data corrected for gender and other sociodemographic variables are relevant, since they may elucidate a markedly different cognitive profile compared to raw scores. Our study also suggests that verbal memory decline is stronger in women than in men with PD. Future studies are needed to replicate these findings, examine the progression of gender-specific cognitive decline in PD and define different underlying mechanisms of this dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Verbal memory declines more in female patients with Parkinson's disease: the importance of gender-corrected normative data.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fengler%2C+S%2E%22">Fengler, S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Roeske%2C+S%2E%22">Roeske, S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Heber%2C+I%2E%22">Heber, I.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Reetz%2C+K%2E%22">Reetz, K.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schulz%2C+J%2E+B%2E%22">Schulz, J. B.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Riedel%2C+O%2E%22">Riedel, O.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wittchen%2C+H%2EU%2E%22">Wittchen, H.U.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Storch%2C+A%2E%22">Storch, A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Linse%2C+K%2E%22">Linse, K.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Baudrexel%2C+S%2E%22">Baudrexel, S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hilker%2C+R%2E%22">Hilker, R.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mollenhauer%2C+B%2E%22">Mollenhauer, B.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Witt%2C+K%2E%22">Witt, K.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schmidt%2C+N%2E%22">Schmidt, N.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Balzer-Geldsetzer%2C+M%2E%22">Balzer-Geldsetzer, M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dams%2C+J%2E%22">Dams, J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dodel%2C+R%2E%22">Dodel, R.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gräber%2C+S%2E%22">Gräber, S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pilotto%2C+A%2E%22">Pilotto, A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Petrelli%2C+A%2E%22">Petrelli, A.</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychological+Medicine%22">Psychological Medicine</searchLink>. Aug2016, Vol. 46 Issue 11, p2275-2286. 12p.
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  Data: BackgroundData on gender-specific profiles of cognitive functions in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are rare and inconsistent, and possible disease-confounding factors have been insufficiently considered.MethodThe LANDSCAPE study on cognition in PD enrolled 656 PD patients (267 without cognitive impairment, 66% male; 292 with mild cognitive impairment, 69% male; 97 with PD dementia, 69% male). Raw values and age-, education-, and gender-corrected Z scores of a neuropsychological test battery (CERAD-Plus) were compared between genders. Motor symptoms, disease duration, l-dopa equivalent daily dose, depression - and additionally age and education for the raw value analysis - were taken as covariates.ResultsRaw-score analysis replicated results of previous studies in that female PD patients were superior in verbal memory (word list learning, p = 0.02; recall, p = 0.03), while men outperformed women in visuoconstruction (p = 0.002) and figural memory (p = 0.005). In contrast, gender-corrected Z scores showed that men were superior in verbal memory (word list learning, p = 0.02; recall, p = 0.02; recognition, p = 0.04), while no difference was found for visuospatial tests. This picture could be observed both in the overall analysis of PD patients as well as in a differentiated group analysis.ConclusionsNormative data corrected for gender and other sociodemographic variables are relevant, since they may elucidate a markedly different cognitive profile compared to raw scores. Our study also suggests that verbal memory decline is stronger in women than in men with PD. Future studies are needed to replicate these findings, examine the progression of gender-specific cognitive decline in PD and define different underlying mechanisms of this dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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