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Memory load as a cognitive antidote to performance decrements in data entry.

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Title: Memory load as a cognitive antidote to performance decrements in data entry.
Authors: Chapman, Mary J. (AUTHOR), Healy, Alice F. (AUTHOR), Kole, James A. (AUTHOR)
Source: Memory. Oct2016, Vol. 24 Issue 9, p1182-1196. 15p.
Subjects: Antidotes, Keystroke timing authentication, Accuracy, Social skills, Priming (Psychology), Memory
Abstract: In two experiments, subjects trained in data entry, typing one 4-digit number at a time. At training, subjects either typed the numbers immediately after they appeared (immediate) or typed the previous number from memory while viewing the next number (delayed). In Experiment 2 stimulus presentation time was limited and either nothing or a space (gap) was inserted between the second and third digits. In both experiments after training, all subjects completed a test with no gap and typed numbers immediately. Training with a memory load improved speed across training blocks (Experiment 1) and eliminated the decline in accuracy across training blocks (Experiment 2), thus serving as a cognitive antidote to performance decrements. An analysis of each keystroke revealed different underlying processes and strategies for the two training conditions, including when encoding took place. Chunking (in which the first and last two digits are treated separately) was more evident in the immediate than in the delayed condition and was exaggerated with a gap, even at test when there was no gap. These results suggest that such two-digit chunking is due to stimulus encoding and motor planning processes as well as memory, and those processes transferred from training to testing. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of Memory is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Memory load as a cognitive antidote to performance decrements in data entry.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chapman%2C+Mary+J%2E%22">Chapman, Mary J.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Healy%2C+Alice+F%2E%22">Healy, Alice F.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kole%2C+James+A%2E%22">Kole, James A.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Memory%22">Memory</searchLink>. Oct2016, Vol. 24 Issue 9, p1182-1196. 15p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Antidotes%22">Antidotes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Keystroke+timing+authentication%22">Keystroke timing authentication</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Accuracy%22">Accuracy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+skills%22">Social skills</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Priming+%28Psychology%29%22">Priming (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Memory%22">Memory</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: In two experiments, subjects trained in data entry, typing one 4-digit number at a time. At training, subjects either typed the numbers immediately after they appeared (immediate) or typed the previous number from memory while viewing the next number (delayed). In Experiment 2 stimulus presentation time was limited and either nothing or a space (gap) was inserted between the second and third digits. In both experiments after training, all subjects completed a test with no gap and typed numbers immediately. Training with a memory load improved speed across training blocks (Experiment 1) and eliminated the decline in accuracy across training blocks (Experiment 2), thus serving as a cognitive antidote to performance decrements. An analysis of each keystroke revealed different underlying processes and strategies for the two training conditions, including when encoding took place. Chunking (in which the first and last two digits are treated separately) was more evident in the immediate than in the delayed condition and was exaggerated with a gap, even at test when there was no gap. These results suggest that such two-digit chunking is due to stimulus encoding and motor planning processes as well as memory, and those processes transferred from training to testing. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Memory is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1080/09658211.2015.1086380
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Keystroke timing authentication
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      – SubjectFull: Accuracy
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      – SubjectFull: Memory
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              Text: Oct2016
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