“Automatism” and the emergence of dynamic psychiatry.
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| Title: | “Automatism” and the emergence of dynamic psychiatry. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Crabtree, Adam |
| Source: | Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences. Winter2003, Vol. 39 Issue 1, p51-70. 20p. |
| Subjects: | Automatism (Consciousness), Psychiatry, Reflexes, Human experimentation in psychology, Psychology |
| Abstract: | This article is about the clash of two explanatory paradigms, each attempting to account for the same data of human experience. In the first half of the nineteenth century, physiologists investigated reflex actions and applied a recently coined word, “automatism,” to describe actions which, although seeming to arise from higher centers, actually result from automatic reaction to sensory stimuli. Experiments with spinal reflexes led to the investigation of the reflex action of the brain or “cerebral automatisms.” Reflex actions of this kind were used to explain everything from acting compulsively to composing symphonies. Physiological explanations of phenomena of this kind seemed insufficient to some and, in the 1880s, Frederic Myers and Pierre Janet developed psychological frameworks for understanding these phenomena, positing hidden centers of intelligence at work in the individual, outside ordinary awareness, which produce what came to be called “psychological automatisms.” Their attempts to unify this psychological framework with the existing physiological one failed. Nevertheless, their work played a crucial role in paving the way for what Ellenberger called dynamic psychiatry, which accepts the reality of an unconscious dynamic of the psyche. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection |
| FullText | Links: – Type: pdflink Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: pbh DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection An: 11772489 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: “Automatism” and the emergence of dynamic psychiatry. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Crabtree%2C+Adam%22">Crabtree, Adam</searchLink> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+the+History+of+the+Behavioral+Sciences%22">Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences</searchLink>. Winter2003, Vol. 39 Issue 1, p51-70. 20p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Automatism+%28Consciousness%29%22">Automatism (Consciousness)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychiatry%22">Psychiatry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reflexes%22">Reflexes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Human+experimentation+in+psychology%22">Human experimentation in psychology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychology%22">Psychology</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: This article is about the clash of two explanatory paradigms, each attempting to account for the same data of human experience. In the first half of the nineteenth century, physiologists investigated reflex actions and applied a recently coined word, “automatism,” to describe actions which, although seeming to arise from higher centers, actually result from automatic reaction to sensory stimuli. Experiments with spinal reflexes led to the investigation of the reflex action of the brain or “cerebral automatisms.” Reflex actions of this kind were used to explain everything from acting compulsively to composing symphonies. Physiological explanations of phenomena of this kind seemed insufficient to some and, in the 1880s, Frederic Myers and Pierre Janet developed psychological frameworks for understanding these phenomena, positing hidden centers of intelligence at work in the individual, outside ordinary awareness, which produce what came to be called “psychological automatisms.” Their attempts to unify this psychological framework with the existing physiological one failed. Nevertheless, their work played a crucial role in paving the way for what Ellenberger called dynamic psychiatry, which accepts the reality of an unconscious dynamic of the psyche. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
| PLink | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=11772489 |
| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1002/jhbs.10089 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 20 StartPage: 51 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Automatism (Consciousness) Type: general – SubjectFull: Psychiatry Type: general – SubjectFull: Reflexes Type: general – SubjectFull: Human experimentation in psychology Type: general – SubjectFull: Psychology Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: “Automatism” and the emergence of dynamic psychiatry. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Crabtree, Adam IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 01 Text: Winter2003 Type: published Y: 2003 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 00225061 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 39 – Type: issue Value: 1 Titles: – TitleFull: Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences Type: main |
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