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Effects of early life stress on depression, cognitive performance and brain morphology.

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Title: Effects of early life stress on depression, cognitive performance and brain morphology.
Authors: Saleh, A., Potter, G. G., McQuoid, D. R., Boyd, B., Turner, R., MacFall, J. R., Taylor, W. D.
Source: Psychological Medicine. Jan2017, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p171-181. 11p.
Subjects: Brain anatomy, Cognition disorder risk factors, Mental depression risk factors, Amygdaloid body, Child abuse, Cognition, Comparative studies, Hippocampus (Brain), Magnetic resonance imaging, Neuropsychological tests, Memory, Questionnaires, Psychological stress, Cross-sectional method, Gray matter (Nerve tissue)
Abstract: BackgroundChildhood early life stress (ELS) increases risk of adulthood major depressive disorder (MDD) and is associated with altered brain structure and function. It is unclear whether specific ELSs affect depression risk, cognitive function and brain structure.MethodThis cross-sectional study included 64 antidepressant-free depressed and 65 never-depressed individuals. Both groups reported a range of ELSs on the Early Life Stress Questionnaire, completed neuropsychological testing and 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Neuropsychological testing assessed domains of episodic memory, working memory, processing speed and executive function. MRI measures included cortical thickness and regional gray matter volumes, with a priori focus on the cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), amygdala, caudate and hippocampus.ResultsOf 19 ELSs, only emotional abuse, sexual abuse and severe family conflict independently predicted adulthood MDD diagnosis. The effect of total ELS score differed between groups. Greater ELS exposure was associated with slower processing speed and smaller OFC volumes in depressed subjects, but faster speed and larger volumes in non-depressed subjects. In contrast, exposure to ELSs predictive of depression had similar effects in both diagnostic groups. Individuals reporting predictive ELSs exhibited poorer processing speed and working memory performance, smaller volumes of the lateral OFC and caudate, and decreased cortical thickness in multiple areas including the insula bilaterally. Predictive ELS exposure was also associated with smaller left hippocampal volume in depressed subjects.ConclusionsFindings suggest an association between childhood trauma exposure and adulthood cognitive function and brain structure. These relationships appear to differ between individuals who do and do not develop depression. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Effects of early life stress on depression, cognitive performance and brain morphology.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Saleh%2C+A%2E%22">Saleh, A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Potter%2C+G%2E+G%2E%22">Potter, G. G.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22McQuoid%2C+D%2E+R%2E%22">McQuoid, D. R.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Boyd%2C+B%2E%22">Boyd, B.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Turner%2C+R%2E%22">Turner, R.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22MacFall%2C+J%2E+R%2E%22">MacFall, J. R.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Taylor%2C+W%2E+D%2E%22">Taylor, W. D.</searchLink>
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  Data: BackgroundChildhood early life stress (ELS) increases risk of adulthood major depressive disorder (MDD) and is associated with altered brain structure and function. It is unclear whether specific ELSs affect depression risk, cognitive function and brain structure.MethodThis cross-sectional study included 64 antidepressant-free depressed and 65 never-depressed individuals. Both groups reported a range of ELSs on the Early Life Stress Questionnaire, completed neuropsychological testing and 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Neuropsychological testing assessed domains of episodic memory, working memory, processing speed and executive function. MRI measures included cortical thickness and regional gray matter volumes, with a priori focus on the cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), amygdala, caudate and hippocampus.ResultsOf 19 ELSs, only emotional abuse, sexual abuse and severe family conflict independently predicted adulthood MDD diagnosis. The effect of total ELS score differed between groups. Greater ELS exposure was associated with slower processing speed and smaller OFC volumes in depressed subjects, but faster speed and larger volumes in non-depressed subjects. In contrast, exposure to ELSs predictive of depression had similar effects in both diagnostic groups. Individuals reporting predictive ELSs exhibited poorer processing speed and working memory performance, smaller volumes of the lateral OFC and caudate, and decreased cortical thickness in multiple areas including the insula bilaterally. Predictive ELS exposure was also associated with smaller left hippocampal volume in depressed subjects.ConclusionsFindings suggest an association between childhood trauma exposure and adulthood cognitive function and brain structure. These relationships appear to differ between individuals who do and do not develop depression. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=120434806
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        Value: 10.1017/S0033291716002403
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 171
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Brain anatomy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cognition disorder risk factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mental depression risk factors
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      – SubjectFull: Amygdaloid body
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      – SubjectFull: Child abuse
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      – SubjectFull: Cognition
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      – SubjectFull: Comparative studies
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      – SubjectFull: Hippocampus (Brain)
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      – SubjectFull: Psychological stress
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      – SubjectFull: Cross-sectional method
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      – SubjectFull: Gray matter (Nerve tissue)
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      – TitleFull: Effects of early life stress on depression, cognitive performance and brain morphology.
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              Text: Jan2017
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