Naturally together: pitch-height and brightness as coupled factors for eliciting the SMARC effect in non-musicians.
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| Title: | Naturally together: pitch-height and brightness as coupled factors for eliciting the SMARC effect in non-musicians. |
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| Authors: | Pitteri, Marco, Marchetti, Mauro, Priftis, Konstantinos, Grassi, Massimo |
| Source: | Psychological Research. Jan2017, Vol. 81 Issue 1, p243-254. 12p. 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs. |
| Subjects: | Musical pitch, Brightness perception, Space perception, Stimulus & response (Psychology), Musicians |
| Abstract: | Pitch-height is often labeled spatially (i.e., low or high) as a function of the fundamental frequency of the tone. This correspondence is highlighted by the so-called Spatial-Musical Association of Response Codes (SMARC) effect. However, the literature suggests that the brightness of the tone's timbre might contribute to this spatial association. We investigated the SMARC effect in a group of non-musicians by disentangling the role of pitch-height and the role of tone-brightness. In three experimental conditions, participants were asked to judge whether the tone they were listening to was (or was not) modulated in amplitude (i.e., vibrato). Participants were required to make their response in both the horizontal and the vertical axes. In a first condition, tones varied coherently in pitch (i.e., manipulation of the tone's F0) and brightness (i.e., manipulation of the tone's spectral centroid); in a second condition, pitch-height varied whereas brightness was fixed; in a third condition, pitch-height was fixed whereas brightness varied. We found the SMARC effect only in the first condition and only in the vertical axis. In contrast, we did not observe the effect in any of the remaining conditions. The present results suggest that, in non-musicians, the SMARC effect is not due to the manipulation of the pitch-height alone, but arises because of a coherent change of pitch-height and brightness; this effect emerges along the vertical axis only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Psychological Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection |
| FullText | Links: – Type: pdflink Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: pbh DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection An: 120689526 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Naturally together: pitch-height and brightness as coupled factors for eliciting the SMARC effect in non-musicians. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pitteri%2C+Marco%22">Pitteri, Marco</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marchetti%2C+Mauro%22">Marchetti, Mauro</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Priftis%2C+Konstantinos%22">Priftis, Konstantinos</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Grassi%2C+Massimo%22">Grassi, Massimo</searchLink> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychological+Research%22">Psychological Research</searchLink>. Jan2017, Vol. 81 Issue 1, p243-254. 12p. 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Musical+pitch%22">Musical pitch</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Brightness+perception%22">Brightness perception</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Space+perception%22">Space perception</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stimulus+%26+response+%28Psychology%29%22">Stimulus & response (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Musicians%22">Musicians</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Pitch-height is often labeled spatially (i.e., low or high) as a function of the fundamental frequency of the tone. This correspondence is highlighted by the so-called Spatial-Musical Association of Response Codes (SMARC) effect. However, the literature suggests that the brightness of the tone's timbre might contribute to this spatial association. We investigated the SMARC effect in a group of non-musicians by disentangling the role of pitch-height and the role of tone-brightness. In three experimental conditions, participants were asked to judge whether the tone they were listening to was (or was not) modulated in amplitude (i.e., vibrato). Participants were required to make their response in both the horizontal and the vertical axes. In a first condition, tones varied coherently in pitch (i.e., manipulation of the tone's F0) and brightness (i.e., manipulation of the tone's spectral centroid); in a second condition, pitch-height varied whereas brightness was fixed; in a third condition, pitch-height was fixed whereas brightness varied. We found the SMARC effect only in the first condition and only in the vertical axis. In contrast, we did not observe the effect in any of the remaining conditions. The present results suggest that, in non-musicians, the SMARC effect is not due to the manipulation of the pitch-height alone, but arises because of a coherent change of pitch-height and brightness; this effect emerges along the vertical axis only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Psychological Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s00426-015-0713-6 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 12 StartPage: 243 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Musical pitch Type: general – SubjectFull: Brightness perception Type: general – SubjectFull: Space perception Type: general – SubjectFull: Stimulus & response (Psychology) Type: general – SubjectFull: Musicians Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Naturally together: pitch-height and brightness as coupled factors for eliciting the SMARC effect in non-musicians. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Pitteri, Marco – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Marchetti, Mauro – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Priftis, Konstantinos – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Grassi, Massimo IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 01 Text: Jan2017 Type: published Y: 2017 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 03400727 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 81 – Type: issue Value: 1 Titles: – TitleFull: Psychological Research Type: main |
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