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Longitudinal alterations in motivational salience processing in ultra-high-risk subjects for psychosis.

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Title: Longitudinal alterations in motivational salience processing in ultra-high-risk subjects for psychosis.
Authors: Schmidt, A., Antoniades, M., Allen, P., Egerton, A., Chaddock, C. A., Borgwardt, S., Fusar-Poli, P., Roiser, J. P., Howes, O., McGuire, P.
Source: Psychological Medicine. Jan2017, Vol. 47 Issue 2, p243-254. 12p.
Subjects: Brain, Radiography, Psychoses risk factors, Longitudinal method, Magnetic resonance imaging, Motivation (Psychology), Psychological tests, Psychoses, Prompts (Psychology), Neural pathways, Descriptive statistics
Abstract: BackgroundImpairments in the attribution of salience are thought to be fundamental to the development of psychotic symptoms and the onset of psychotic disorders. The aim of the present study was to explore longitudinal alterations in salience processing in ultra-high-risk subjects for psychosis.MethodA total of 23 ultra-high-risk subjects and 13 healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging at two time points (mean interval of 17 months) while performing the Salience Attribution Test to assess neural responses to task-relevant (adaptive salience) and task-irrelevant (aberrant salience) stimulus features.ResultsAt presentation, high-risk subjects were less likely than controls to attribute salience to relevant features, and more likely to attribute salience to irrelevant stimulus features. These behavioural differences were no longer evident at follow-up. When attributing salience to relevant cue features, ultra-high-risk subjects showed less activation than controls in the ventral striatum at both baseline and follow-up. Within the high-risk sample, amelioration of abnormal beliefs over the follow-up period was correlated with an increase in right ventral striatum activation during the attribution of salience to relevant cue features.ConclusionsThese findings confirm that salience processing is perturbed in ultra-high-risk subjects for psychosis, that this is linked to alterations in ventral striatum function, and that clinical outcomes are related to longitudinal changes in ventral striatum function during salience processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: Longitudinal alterations in motivational salience processing in ultra-high-risk subjects for psychosis.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schmidt%2C+A%2E%22">Schmidt, A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Antoniades%2C+M%2E%22">Antoniades, M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Allen%2C+P%2E%22">Allen, P.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Egerton%2C+A%2E%22">Egerton, A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chaddock%2C+C%2E+A%2E%22">Chaddock, C. A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Borgwardt%2C+S%2E%22">Borgwardt, S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fusar-Poli%2C+P%2E%22">Fusar-Poli, P.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Roiser%2C+J%2E+P%2E%22">Roiser, J. P.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Howes%2C+O%2E%22">Howes, O.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22McGuire%2C+P%2E%22">McGuire, P.</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychological+Medicine%22">Psychological Medicine</searchLink>. Jan2017, Vol. 47 Issue 2, p243-254. 12p.
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  Data: BackgroundImpairments in the attribution of salience are thought to be fundamental to the development of psychotic symptoms and the onset of psychotic disorders. The aim of the present study was to explore longitudinal alterations in salience processing in ultra-high-risk subjects for psychosis.MethodA total of 23 ultra-high-risk subjects and 13 healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging at two time points (mean interval of 17 months) while performing the Salience Attribution Test to assess neural responses to task-relevant (adaptive salience) and task-irrelevant (aberrant salience) stimulus features.ResultsAt presentation, high-risk subjects were less likely than controls to attribute salience to relevant features, and more likely to attribute salience to irrelevant stimulus features. These behavioural differences were no longer evident at follow-up. When attributing salience to relevant cue features, ultra-high-risk subjects showed less activation than controls in the ventral striatum at both baseline and follow-up. Within the high-risk sample, amelioration of abnormal beliefs over the follow-up period was correlated with an increase in right ventral striatum activation during the attribution of salience to relevant cue features.ConclusionsThese findings confirm that salience processing is perturbed in ultra-high-risk subjects for psychosis, that this is linked to alterations in ventral striatum function, and that clinical outcomes are related to longitudinal changes in ventral striatum function during salience processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=121013466
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