Nicotine increases anterior insula activation to expected and unexpected outcomes among nonsmokers.
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| Title: | Nicotine increases anterior insula activation to expected and unexpected outcomes among nonsmokers. |
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| Authors: | Addicott, Merideth, Oliver, Jason, Joseph McClernon, F. |
| Source: | Psychopharmacology. Apr2017, Vol. 234 Issue 7, p1145-1154. 10p. |
| Subjects: | Nicotine, Insular cortex, Nicotine addiction, Hypothesis, Functional magnetic resonance imaging |
| Abstract: | Rationale: Tobacco has a higher rate of dependence than other drugs of abuse. However, the psychopharmacological effects of nicotine are incongruent with the tenacity of tobacco addiction since nicotine does not produce robust euphoria in humans or self-administration in rodents. A potential explanation is that nicotine amplifies the salience of other stimuli that have some incentive value, which could influence the initiation and persistence of smoking. However, the neural mechanisms of this process are unknown. Objectives: One way that nicotine may amplify the salience of other stimuli is by enhancing reward prediction errors. We hypothesized that nicotine would enhance the neural response to unexpected (relative to expected) rewards compared to placebo. Methods: Twenty-three nonsmokers underwent two fMRI scans, following nicotine (1 mg) or placebo administration, while performing an outcome expectation task. In the task, a pair of cues was associated with either a subsequent reward (the image of a $100 bill) or a nonreward (the image of a blurry rectangle). On 20% of trials, the cue was followed by an unexpected outcome. Results: Although nicotine did not affect the magnitude of prediction errors relative to placebo, nicotine did increase BOLD activation in the anterior insula/inferior frontal gyrus and decrease activation in the caudate across all outcome types (including both rewards and nonrewards). Conclusions: The insula and caudate could play a role in the initial effects of nicotine in nonsmokers, and these changes in baseline may be the mechanism that underlies how nicotine amplifies the salience of nondrug stimuli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Psychopharmacology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection |
| FullText | Links: – Type: pdflink Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: pbh DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection An: 121841025 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Nicotine increases anterior insula activation to expected and unexpected outcomes among nonsmokers. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Addicott%2C+Merideth%22">Addicott, Merideth</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Oliver%2C+Jason%22">Oliver, Jason</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Joseph+McClernon%2C+F%2E%22">Joseph McClernon, F.</searchLink> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychopharmacology%22">Psychopharmacology</searchLink>. Apr2017, Vol. 234 Issue 7, p1145-1154. 10p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nicotine%22">Nicotine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Insular+cortex%22">Insular cortex</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nicotine+addiction%22">Nicotine addiction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hypothesis%22">Hypothesis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Functional+magnetic+resonance+imaging%22">Functional magnetic resonance imaging</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Rationale: Tobacco has a higher rate of dependence than other drugs of abuse. However, the psychopharmacological effects of nicotine are incongruent with the tenacity of tobacco addiction since nicotine does not produce robust euphoria in humans or self-administration in rodents. A potential explanation is that nicotine amplifies the salience of other stimuli that have some incentive value, which could influence the initiation and persistence of smoking. However, the neural mechanisms of this process are unknown. Objectives: One way that nicotine may amplify the salience of other stimuli is by enhancing reward prediction errors. We hypothesized that nicotine would enhance the neural response to unexpected (relative to expected) rewards compared to placebo. Methods: Twenty-three nonsmokers underwent two fMRI scans, following nicotine (1 mg) or placebo administration, while performing an outcome expectation task. In the task, a pair of cues was associated with either a subsequent reward (the image of a $100 bill) or a nonreward (the image of a blurry rectangle). On 20% of trials, the cue was followed by an unexpected outcome. Results: Although nicotine did not affect the magnitude of prediction errors relative to placebo, nicotine did increase BOLD activation in the anterior insula/inferior frontal gyrus and decrease activation in the caudate across all outcome types (including both rewards and nonrewards). Conclusions: The insula and caudate could play a role in the initial effects of nicotine in nonsmokers, and these changes in baseline may be the mechanism that underlies how nicotine amplifies the salience of nondrug stimuli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Psychopharmacology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s00213-017-4550-8 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 10 StartPage: 1145 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Nicotine Type: general – SubjectFull: Insular cortex Type: general – SubjectFull: Nicotine addiction Type: general – SubjectFull: Hypothesis Type: general – SubjectFull: Functional magnetic resonance imaging Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Nicotine increases anterior insula activation to expected and unexpected outcomes among nonsmokers. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Addicott, Merideth – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Oliver, Jason – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Joseph McClernon, F. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 04 Text: Apr2017 Type: published Y: 2017 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 00333158 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 234 – Type: issue Value: 7 Titles: – TitleFull: Psychopharmacology Type: main |
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