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Heritability of tic disorders: a twin-family study.

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Title: Heritability of tic disorders: a twin-family study.
Authors: Zilhão, N. R., Olthof, M. C., Smit, D. J. A., Cath, D. C., Ligthart, L., Mathews, C. A., Delucchi, K., Boomsma, D. I., Dolan, C. V.
Source: Psychological Medicine. Apr2017, Vol. 47 Issue 6, p1085-1096. 12p.
Subjects: Siblings, Confidence intervals, Ecology, Longitudinal method, Parents, Tic disorders, Twins, Phenotypes, Extended families, Structural equation modeling, Genetics
Geographic Terms: Netherlands
Abstract: BackgroundGenetic–epidemiological studies that estimate the contributions of genetic factors to variation in tic symptoms are scarce. We estimated the extent to which genetic and environmental influences contribute to tics, employing various phenotypic definitions ranging between mild and severe symptomatology, in a large population-based adult twin-family sample.MethodIn an extended twin-family design, we analysed lifetime tic data reported by adult mono- and dizygotic twins (n = 8323) and their family members (n = 7164; parents and siblings) from 7311 families in the Netherlands Twin Register. We measured tics by the abbreviated version of the Schedule for Tourette and Other Behavioral Syndromes. Heritability was estimated by genetic structural equation modeling for four tic disorder definitions: three dichotomous and one trichotomous phenotype, characterized by increasingly strictly defined criteria.ResultsPrevalence rates of the different tic disorders in our sample varied between 0.3 and 4.5% depending on tic disorder definition. Tic frequencies decreased with increasing age. Heritability estimates varied between 0.25 and 0.37, depending on phenotypic definitions. None of the phenotypes showed evidence of assortative mating, effects of shared environment or non-additive genetic effects.ConclusionsHeritabilities of mild and severe tic phenotypes were estimated to be moderate. Overlapping confidence intervals of the heritability estimates suggest overlapping genetic liabilities between the various tic phenotypes. The most lenient phenotype (defined only by tic characteristics, excluding criteria B, C and D of DSM-IV) rendered sufficiently reliable heritability estimates. These findings have implications in phenotypic definitions for future genetic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Heritability of tic disorders: a twin-family study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zilhão%2C+N%2E+R%2E%22">Zilhão, N. R.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Olthof%2C+M%2E+C%2E%22">Olthof, M. C.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Smit%2C+D%2E+J%2E+A%2E%22">Smit, D. J. A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cath%2C+D%2E+C%2E%22">Cath, D. C.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ligthart%2C+L%2E%22">Ligthart, L.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mathews%2C+C%2E+A%2E%22">Mathews, C. A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Delucchi%2C+K%2E%22">Delucchi, K.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Boomsma%2C+D%2E+I%2E%22">Boomsma, D. I.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dolan%2C+C%2E+V%2E%22">Dolan, C. V.</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychological+Medicine%22">Psychological Medicine</searchLink>. Apr2017, Vol. 47 Issue 6, p1085-1096. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Siblings%22">Siblings</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence+intervals%22">Confidence intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ecology%22">Ecology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Longitudinal+method%22">Longitudinal method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Parents%22">Parents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tic+disorders%22">Tic disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Twins%22">Twins</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phenotypes%22">Phenotypes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Extended+families%22">Extended families</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Structural+equation+modeling%22">Structural equation modeling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Genetics%22">Genetics</searchLink>
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  Data: BackgroundGenetic–epidemiological studies that estimate the contributions of genetic factors to variation in tic symptoms are scarce. We estimated the extent to which genetic and environmental influences contribute to tics, employing various phenotypic definitions ranging between mild and severe symptomatology, in a large population-based adult twin-family sample.MethodIn an extended twin-family design, we analysed lifetime tic data reported by adult mono- and dizygotic twins (n = 8323) and their family members (n = 7164; parents and siblings) from 7311 families in the Netherlands Twin Register. We measured tics by the abbreviated version of the Schedule for Tourette and Other Behavioral Syndromes. Heritability was estimated by genetic structural equation modeling for four tic disorder definitions: three dichotomous and one trichotomous phenotype, characterized by increasingly strictly defined criteria.ResultsPrevalence rates of the different tic disorders in our sample varied between 0.3 and 4.5% depending on tic disorder definition. Tic frequencies decreased with increasing age. Heritability estimates varied between 0.25 and 0.37, depending on phenotypic definitions. None of the phenotypes showed evidence of assortative mating, effects of shared environment or non-additive genetic effects.ConclusionsHeritabilities of mild and severe tic phenotypes were estimated to be moderate. Overlapping confidence intervals of the heritability estimates suggest overlapping genetic liabilities between the various tic phenotypes. The most lenient phenotype (defined only by tic characteristics, excluding criteria B, C and D of DSM-IV) rendered sufficiently reliable heritability estimates. These findings have implications in phenotypic definitions for future genetic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1017/S0033291716002981
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 1085
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Siblings
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ecology
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      – SubjectFull: Longitudinal method
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      – SubjectFull: Parents
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      – SubjectFull: Tic disorders
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      – SubjectFull: Twins
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      – SubjectFull: Phenotypes
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      – SubjectFull: Netherlands
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              Text: Apr2017
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