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The roles of encoding strategies and retrieval practice in test-expectancy effects.

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Title: The roles of encoding strategies and retrieval practice in test-expectancy effects.
Authors: Cho, Kit W. (AUTHOR), Neely, James H. (AUTHOR)
Source: Memory. May2017, Vol. 25 Issue 5, p626-635. 10p.
Subjects: Life expectancy, Expectancy-value theory, Print awareness, Encoding, Comparative semantics
Abstract: We investigated whether expectations for different kinds of memory tests induce qualitatively different encoding strategies. In Experiment 1, participants studied four lists of words and after each list completed a cued-recall test that contained either all semantic or all orthographic cues so as to build up an expectancy for receiving the same type of test for the fifth critical study list. To rule out that the test-expectancy effects in Experiment 1 were due to differences in retrieval practice, in Experiment 2, participants received three practice tests each for both cue-types. Participants’ test expectancy for all lists was induced by telling them before each list the type of cue they would receive for the upcoming study list. In both experiments, the critical test contained both expected and unexpected cues. In Experiment 1, participants who expected semantic cues had better recall to the semantic cues than to the orthographic cues and vice versa for those who expected orthographic cues. However, in Experiment 2, there was no effect of test expectancy. These findings suggest that the test-expectancy effects in Experiment 1 were due to more retrieval practice on the expected than unexpected tests rather than to qualitatively different test-expectancy-induced encoding strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of Memory is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: The roles of encoding strategies and retrieval practice in test-expectancy effects.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cho%2C+Kit+W%2E%22">Cho, Kit W.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Neely%2C+James+H%2E%22">Neely, James H.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Memory%22">Memory</searchLink>. May2017, Vol. 25 Issue 5, p626-635. 10p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Life+expectancy%22">Life expectancy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Expectancy-value+theory%22">Expectancy-value theory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Print+awareness%22">Print awareness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Encoding%22">Encoding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+semantics%22">Comparative semantics</searchLink>
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  Data: We investigated whether expectations for different kinds of memory tests induce qualitatively different encoding strategies. In Experiment 1, participants studied four lists of words and after each list completed a cued-recall test that contained either all semantic or all orthographic cues so as to build up an expectancy for receiving the same type of test for the fifth critical study list. To rule out that the test-expectancy effects in Experiment 1 were due to differences in retrieval practice, in Experiment 2, participants received three practice tests each for both cue-types. Participants’ test expectancy for all lists was induced by telling them before each list the type of cue they would receive for the upcoming study list. In both experiments, the critical test contained both expected and unexpected cues. In Experiment 1, participants who expected semantic cues had better recall to the semantic cues than to the orthographic cues and vice versa for those who expected orthographic cues. However, in Experiment 2, there was no effect of test expectancy. These findings suggest that the test-expectancy effects in Experiment 1 were due to more retrieval practice on the expected than unexpected tests rather than to qualitatively different test-expectancy-induced encoding strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Memory is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1080/09658211.2016.1202983
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Life expectancy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Expectancy-value theory
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      – SubjectFull: Print awareness
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      – SubjectFull: Encoding
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      – SubjectFull: Comparative semantics
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