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Self-reported substance use in Iraq: findings from the Iraqi National Household Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use, 2014.

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Title: Self-reported substance use in Iraq: findings from the Iraqi National Household Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use, 2014.
Authors: Al‐Hemiery, Nesif, Dabbagh, Rufaidah, Hashim, Mushtaq T., Al‐Hasnawi, Salih, Abutiheen, Ali, Abdulghani, Emad A., Al‐Diwan, Jawad K., Kak, Neeraj, Al Mossawi, Hala, Maxwell, Jane Carlisle, Brecht, Mary‐Lynn, Antonini, Valerie, Hasson, Albert, Rawson, Richard A.
Source: Addiction. Aug2017, Vol. 112 Issue 8, p1470-1479. 10p. 6 Charts, 1 Map.
Subjects: Public health, Tobacco use, Alcohol drinking, Drugs of abuse, Manners & customs, Confidence intervals, Interviewing, Narcotics, Probability theory, Self-evaluation, Sex distribution, Smoking, Substance abuse, Cross-sectional method, Odds ratio, Cluster sampling
Geographic Terms: Iraq
Abstract: Aims To estimate the prevalence of tobacco, alcohol and drug use in Iraq using data from the Iraqi National Household Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use (INHSAD). Design A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Trained surveyors conducted face-to-face household interviews. Setting Iraq, from April 2014 to December 2014. Participants A total of 3200 adult, non-institutionalized Iraqi citizens residing across all 18 governorates of Iraq. Measurements We estimated weighted prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for life-time, past-year and past-month use of a variety of substances (tobacco, alcohol, prescription drugs and illicit drugs). For each substance, we also estimated whether individuals knew people who currently use the substance. Findings Self-reported past-month tobacco use was 23.2% (95% CI = 21.40, 25.19). Past-month alcohol use was 3.2% (95% CI = 2.58, 3.93). Women reported significantly lower prevalence for both tobacco and alcohol use compared with men ( P-value < 0.01 for both). Only 1.4% (95% CI = 0.67, 3.02) reported past-month non-medical use of any prescription drugs. None of the women reported using any illicit drugs, and only 0.2% (95% CI = 0.07, 0.49) of men reported using any illicit drugs in the past month. Approximately 90.5% (95% CI = 88.58, 92.11) knew someone who uses tobacco, 42.4% (95% CI = 39.53, 45.24) knew someone who drinks alcohol, 27.9% (95% CI = 25.53, 30.45) knew someone who uses medication outside a doctor's instructions and 9.2% (95% CI = 7.87, 10.75) knew someone who uses an illicit drug. Conclusions Psychoactive drug use is generally low in Iraq, tobacco being highest at an estimated 23.2%. Iraqi women report significantly less substance use than Iraqi men, which may be related to cultural gender norms. Discrepancy between self-report and 'knowing someone who uses a substance' suggests under-reporting in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Addiction is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Self-reported substance use in Iraq: findings from the Iraqi National Household Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use, 2014.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Addiction%22&quot;&gt;Addiction&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Aug2017, Vol. 112 Issue 8, p1470-1479. 10p. 6 Charts, 1 Map.
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  Data: Aims To estimate the prevalence of tobacco, alcohol and drug use in Iraq using data from the Iraqi National Household Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use (INHSAD). Design A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Trained surveyors conducted face-to-face household interviews. Setting Iraq, from April 2014 to December 2014. Participants A total of 3200 adult, non-institutionalized Iraqi citizens residing across all 18 governorates of Iraq. Measurements We estimated weighted prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for life-time, past-year and past-month use of a variety of substances (tobacco, alcohol, prescription drugs and illicit drugs). For each substance, we also estimated whether individuals knew people who currently use the substance. Findings Self-reported past-month tobacco use was 23.2% (95% CI = 21.40, 25.19). Past-month alcohol use was 3.2% (95% CI = 2.58, 3.93). Women reported significantly lower prevalence for both tobacco and alcohol use compared with men ( P-value &lt; 0.01 for both). Only 1.4% (95% CI = 0.67, 3.02) reported past-month non-medical use of any prescription drugs. None of the women reported using any illicit drugs, and only 0.2% (95% CI = 0.07, 0.49) of men reported using any illicit drugs in the past month. Approximately 90.5% (95% CI = 88.58, 92.11) knew someone who uses tobacco, 42.4% (95% CI = 39.53, 45.24) knew someone who drinks alcohol, 27.9% (95% CI = 25.53, 30.45) knew someone who uses medication outside a doctor&#39;s instructions and 9.2% (95% CI = 7.87, 10.75) knew someone who uses an illicit drug. Conclusions Psychoactive drug use is generally low in Iraq, tobacco being highest at an estimated 23.2%. Iraqi women report significantly less substance use than Iraqi men, which may be related to cultural gender norms. Discrepancy between self-report and &#39;knowing someone who uses a substance&#39; suggests under-reporting in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Addiction is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=124061091
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        Value: 10.1111/add.13800
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Alcohol drinking
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      – SubjectFull: Iraq
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