Self-reported substance use in Iraq: findings from the Iraqi National Household Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use, 2014.
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| Title: | Self-reported substance use in Iraq: findings from the Iraqi National Household Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use, 2014. |
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| Authors: | Al‐Hemiery, Nesif, Dabbagh, Rufaidah, Hashim, Mushtaq T., Al‐Hasnawi, Salih, Abutiheen, Ali, Abdulghani, Emad A., Al‐Diwan, Jawad K., Kak, Neeraj, Al Mossawi, Hala, Maxwell, Jane Carlisle, Brecht, Mary‐Lynn, Antonini, Valerie, Hasson, Albert, Rawson, Richard A. |
| Source: | Addiction. Aug2017, Vol. 112 Issue 8, p1470-1479. 10p. 6 Charts, 1 Map. |
| Subjects: | Public health, Tobacco use, Alcohol drinking, Drugs of abuse, Manners & customs, Confidence intervals, Interviewing, Narcotics, Probability theory, Self-evaluation, Sex distribution, Smoking, Substance abuse, Cross-sectional method, Odds ratio, Cluster sampling |
| Geographic Terms: | Iraq |
| Abstract: | Aims To estimate the prevalence of tobacco, alcohol and drug use in Iraq using data from the Iraqi National Household Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use (INHSAD). Design A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Trained surveyors conducted face-to-face household interviews. Setting Iraq, from April 2014 to December 2014. Participants A total of 3200 adult, non-institutionalized Iraqi citizens residing across all 18 governorates of Iraq. Measurements We estimated weighted prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for life-time, past-year and past-month use of a variety of substances (tobacco, alcohol, prescription drugs and illicit drugs). For each substance, we also estimated whether individuals knew people who currently use the substance. Findings Self-reported past-month tobacco use was 23.2% (95% CI = 21.40, 25.19). Past-month alcohol use was 3.2% (95% CI = 2.58, 3.93). Women reported significantly lower prevalence for both tobacco and alcohol use compared with men ( P-value < 0.01 for both). Only 1.4% (95% CI = 0.67, 3.02) reported past-month non-medical use of any prescription drugs. None of the women reported using any illicit drugs, and only 0.2% (95% CI = 0.07, 0.49) of men reported using any illicit drugs in the past month. Approximately 90.5% (95% CI = 88.58, 92.11) knew someone who uses tobacco, 42.4% (95% CI = 39.53, 45.24) knew someone who drinks alcohol, 27.9% (95% CI = 25.53, 30.45) knew someone who uses medication outside a doctor's instructions and 9.2% (95% CI = 7.87, 10.75) knew someone who uses an illicit drug. Conclusions Psychoactive drug use is generally low in Iraq, tobacco being highest at an estimated 23.2%. Iraqi women report significantly less substance use than Iraqi men, which may be related to cultural gender norms. Discrepancy between self-report and 'knowing someone who uses a substance' suggests under-reporting in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection |
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