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Neuromuscular changes and the rapid adaptation following a bout of damaging eccentric exercise.

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Title: Neuromuscular changes and the rapid adaptation following a bout of damaging eccentric exercise.
Authors: Goodall, S., Thomas, K., Barwood, M., Keane, K., Gonzalez, J. T., St Clair Gibson, A., Howatson, G.
Source: Acta Physiologica. Aug2017, Vol. 220 Issue 4, p486-500. 15p. 2 Charts, 6 Graphs.
Subjects: Muscle injuries, Fatigue (Physiology), Physiology, Motor cortex, Myalgia
Abstract: Introduction An initial bout of eccentric exercise is known to protect against muscle damage following a repeated bout of the same exercise; however, the neuromuscular adaptations owing to this phenomenon are unknown. Aim To determine whether neuromuscular disturbances are modulated following a repeated bout of eccentric exercise. Methods Following eccentric exercise performed with the elbow flexors, we measured maximal voluntary force, resting twitch force, muscle soreness, creatine kinase (CK) and voluntary activation (VA) using motor point and motor cortex stimulation at baseline, immediately post-exercise and at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 days post-exercise on two occasions, separated by 3 weeks. Results Significant muscle damage and fatigue were evident following the first exercise bout; maximal voluntary contraction ( MVC) was reduced immediately by 35% and remained depressed at 7 days post-exercise. Soreness and CK release peaked at 3 and 4 days post-exercise respectively. Resting twitch force remained significantly reduced at 7 days (−48%), whilst VA measured with motor point and motor cortex stimulation was reduced until 2 and 3 days respectively. A repeated bout effect ( RBE) was observed with attenuated soreness and CK release and a quicker recovery of MVC and resting twitch force. A similar decrement in VA was observed following both bouts; however, following the repeated bout there was a significantly smaller reduction in, and a faster recovery of, VA measured using motor cortical stimulation. Conclusion Our data suggest that the RBE may be explained, partly, by a modification in motor corticospinal drive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Acta Physiologica is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Neuromuscular changes and the rapid adaptation following a bout of damaging eccentric exercise.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Acta+Physiologica%22">Acta Physiologica</searchLink>. Aug2017, Vol. 220 Issue 4, p486-500. 15p. 2 Charts, 6 Graphs.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Muscle+injuries%22">Muscle injuries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fatigue+%28Physiology%29%22">Fatigue (Physiology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physiology%22">Physiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Motor+cortex%22">Motor cortex</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Myalgia%22">Myalgia</searchLink>
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  Data: Introduction An initial bout of eccentric exercise is known to protect against muscle damage following a repeated bout of the same exercise; however, the neuromuscular adaptations owing to this phenomenon are unknown. Aim To determine whether neuromuscular disturbances are modulated following a repeated bout of eccentric exercise. Methods Following eccentric exercise performed with the elbow flexors, we measured maximal voluntary force, resting twitch force, muscle soreness, creatine kinase (CK) and voluntary activation (VA) using motor point and motor cortex stimulation at baseline, immediately post-exercise and at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 days post-exercise on two occasions, separated by 3 weeks. Results Significant muscle damage and fatigue were evident following the first exercise bout; maximal voluntary contraction ( MVC) was reduced immediately by 35% and remained depressed at 7 days post-exercise. Soreness and CK release peaked at 3 and 4 days post-exercise respectively. Resting twitch force remained significantly reduced at 7 days (−48%), whilst VA measured with motor point and motor cortex stimulation was reduced until 2 and 3 days respectively. A repeated bout effect ( RBE) was observed with attenuated soreness and CK release and a quicker recovery of MVC and resting twitch force. A similar decrement in VA was observed following both bouts; however, following the repeated bout there was a significantly smaller reduction in, and a faster recovery of, VA measured using motor cortical stimulation. Conclusion Our data suggest that the RBE may be explained, partly, by a modification in motor corticospinal drive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Acta Physiologica is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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