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Sex differences in the associations between vagal reactivity and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms.

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Title: Sex differences in the associations between vagal reactivity and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms.
Authors: Vidal‐Ribas, Pablo, Pickles, Andrew, Tibu, Florin, Sharp, Helen, Hill, Jonathan
Source: Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry. Sep2017, Vol. 58 Issue 9, p988-997. 10p.
Subjects: Vagus nerve physiology, Behavior disorders in children, Epidemiological research, Longitudinal method, Mothers, Pathological psychology, Sex distribution, Psychological stress, Structural equation modeling, Behavior disorders, Descriptive statistics
Abstract: Background Vagal reactivity to stress in children has been associated with future psychiatric outcomes. However, results have been mixed possibly because these effects are in opposite direction in boys and girls. These sex differences are relevant in the context of development of psychopathology, whereby the rates of psychiatric disorders differ by sex. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between vagal reactivity, assessed as a reduction in respiratory sinus arrhythmia ( RSA) in response to a challenge, and the development of future oppositional defiant disorder ( ODD) symptoms in boys and girls. In addition, we examine the specific associations with ODD symptom dimensions, named irritability and headstrong. We hypothesized that increased vagal reactivity was associated with increased ODD symptoms in girls and a reduction in ODD symptoms in boys. Methods Participants were members of the Wirral Child Health and Development Study, a prospective epidemiological longitudinal study of 1,233 first-time mothers recruited at 20 weeks' gestation. RSA during four nonstressful and one stressful (still-face) procedures was assessed when children were aged 29 weeks in a sample stratified by adversity ( n = 270). Maternal reports of ODD symptoms were collected when children were 2.5 years old ( n = 253), 3.5 years old ( n = 826), and 5 years old ( n = 770). Structural equation modeling ( SEM) was employed to test our hypotheses. Results There was a significant sex difference in the prediction of ODD symptoms due to the opposite directionality in which increasing vagal reactivity was associated with an increase in ODD symptoms in girls and a reduction of ODD symptoms in boys. This Sex by Vagal reactivity interaction was common for both ODD dimensions, with no sex by dimension-specific associations. Conclusions Physiological reactivity to a stressful situation predicts differently ODD symptoms in boys and girls very early in life, with no difference across irritability and headstrong components. Findings are discussed in the context of the several mechanisms involved on the later development of distinct psychiatric disorders in boys and girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Sex differences in the associations between vagal reactivity and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vidal‐Ribas%2C+Pablo%22">Vidal‐Ribas, Pablo</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pickles%2C+Andrew%22">Pickles, Andrew</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tibu%2C+Florin%22">Tibu, Florin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sharp%2C+Helen%22">Sharp, Helen</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hill%2C+Jonathan%22">Hill, Jonathan</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Child+Psychology+%26+Psychiatry%22">Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry</searchLink>. Sep2017, Vol. 58 Issue 9, p988-997. 10p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vagus+nerve+physiology%22">Vagus nerve physiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Behavior+disorders+in+children%22">Behavior disorders in children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Epidemiological+research%22">Epidemiological research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Longitudinal+method%22">Longitudinal method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mothers%22">Mothers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pathological+psychology%22">Pathological psychology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sex+distribution%22">Sex distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+stress%22">Psychological stress</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Structural+equation+modeling%22">Structural equation modeling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Behavior+disorders%22">Behavior disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Background Vagal reactivity to stress in children has been associated with future psychiatric outcomes. However, results have been mixed possibly because these effects are in opposite direction in boys and girls. These sex differences are relevant in the context of development of psychopathology, whereby the rates of psychiatric disorders differ by sex. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between vagal reactivity, assessed as a reduction in respiratory sinus arrhythmia ( RSA) in response to a challenge, and the development of future oppositional defiant disorder ( ODD) symptoms in boys and girls. In addition, we examine the specific associations with ODD symptom dimensions, named irritability and headstrong. We hypothesized that increased vagal reactivity was associated with increased ODD symptoms in girls and a reduction in ODD symptoms in boys. Methods Participants were members of the Wirral Child Health and Development Study, a prospective epidemiological longitudinal study of 1,233 first-time mothers recruited at 20 weeks' gestation. RSA during four nonstressful and one stressful (still-face) procedures was assessed when children were aged 29 weeks in a sample stratified by adversity ( n = 270). Maternal reports of ODD symptoms were collected when children were 2.5 years old ( n = 253), 3.5 years old ( n = 826), and 5 years old ( n = 770). Structural equation modeling ( SEM) was employed to test our hypotheses. Results There was a significant sex difference in the prediction of ODD symptoms due to the opposite directionality in which increasing vagal reactivity was associated with an increase in ODD symptoms in girls and a reduction of ODD symptoms in boys. This Sex by Vagal reactivity interaction was common for both ODD dimensions, with no sex by dimension-specific associations. Conclusions Physiological reactivity to a stressful situation predicts differently ODD symptoms in boys and girls very early in life, with no difference across irritability and headstrong components. Findings are discussed in the context of the several mechanisms involved on the later development of distinct psychiatric disorders in boys and girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.1111/jcpp.12750
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Vagus nerve physiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Behavior disorders in children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Epidemiological research
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Longitudinal method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mothers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pathological psychology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sex distribution
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      – SubjectFull: Psychological stress
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      – SubjectFull: Structural equation modeling
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      – SubjectFull: Behavior disorders
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Sex differences in the associations between vagal reactivity and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms.
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            NameFull: Tibu, Florin
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              M: 09
              Text: Sep2017
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              Y: 2017
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              Value: 58
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