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Fasting Glucose and the Risk of Depressive Symptoms: Instrumental-Variable Regression in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.

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Title: Fasting Glucose and the Risk of Depressive Symptoms: Instrumental-Variable Regression in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.
Authors: Wesołowska, Karolina, Elovainio, Marko, Hintsa, Taina, Jokela, Markus, Pulkki-Råback, Laura, Pitkänen, Niina, Lipsanen, Jari, Tukiainen, Janne, Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, Lehtimäki, Terho, Juonala, Markus, Raitakari, Olli, Keltikangas-Järvinen, Liisa
Source: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. Dec2017, Vol. 24 Issue 6, p901-907. 7p.
Subjects: Cardiovascular diseases risk factors, Mental depression, Glucose, Regression analysis
Geographic Terms: Finland
Abstract: Purpose: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been associated with depressive symptoms, but the causal direction of this association and the underlying mechanisms, such as increased glucose levels, remain unclear. We used instrumental-variable regression with a genetic instrument (Mendelian randomization) to examine a causal role of increased glucose concentrations in the development of depressive symptoms. Method: Data were from the population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study ( n = 1217). Depressive symptoms were assessed in 2012 using a modified Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-I). Fasting glucose was measured concurrently with depressive symptoms. A genetic risk score for fasting glucose (with 35 single nucleotide polymorphisms) was used as an instrumental variable for glucose. Results: Glucose was not associated with depressive symptoms in the standard linear regression ( B = −0.04, 95% CI [−0.12, 0.04], p = .34), but the instrumental-variable regression showed an inverse association between glucose and depressive symptoms ( B = −0.43, 95% CI [−0.79, −0.07], p = .020). The difference between the estimates of standard linear regression and instrumental-variable regression was significant ( p = .026) Conclusion: Our results suggest that the association between T2D and depressive symptoms is unlikely to be caused by increased glucose concentrations. It seems possible that T2D might be linked to depressive symptoms due to low glucose levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Behavioral Medicine is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Fasting Glucose and the Risk of Depressive Symptoms: Instrumental-Variable Regression in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Behavioral+Medicine%22">International Journal of Behavioral Medicine</searchLink>. Dec2017, Vol. 24 Issue 6, p901-907. 7p.
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  Data: Purpose: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been associated with depressive symptoms, but the causal direction of this association and the underlying mechanisms, such as increased glucose levels, remain unclear. We used instrumental-variable regression with a genetic instrument (Mendelian randomization) to examine a causal role of increased glucose concentrations in the development of depressive symptoms. Method: Data were from the population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study ( n = 1217). Depressive symptoms were assessed in 2012 using a modified Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-I). Fasting glucose was measured concurrently with depressive symptoms. A genetic risk score for fasting glucose (with 35 single nucleotide polymorphisms) was used as an instrumental variable for glucose. Results: Glucose was not associated with depressive symptoms in the standard linear regression ( B = −0.04, 95% CI [−0.12, 0.04], p = .34), but the instrumental-variable regression showed an inverse association between glucose and depressive symptoms ( B = −0.43, 95% CI [−0.79, −0.07], p = .020). The difference between the estimates of standard linear regression and instrumental-variable regression was significant ( p = .026) Conclusion: Our results suggest that the association between T2D and depressive symptoms is unlikely to be caused by increased glucose concentrations. It seems possible that T2D might be linked to depressive symptoms due to low glucose levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Behavioral Medicine is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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