Contiguity and contingency in action-effect learning.
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| Title: | Contiguity and contingency in action-effect learning. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Elsner, Birgit, Hommel, Bernhard |
| Source: | Psychological Research. Apr2004, Vol. 68 Issue 2/3, p138-154. 17p. 4 Charts, 4 Graphs. |
| Subjects: | Sensory perception, Volunteer service, Paired associate learning, Association of ideas |
| Abstract: | According to the two-stage model of voluntary action, the ability to perform voluntary action is acquired in two sequential steps. Firstly, associations are acquired between representations of movements and of the effects that frequently follow them. Secondly, the anticipation or perception of an acquired action effect primes the movement that has been learnt to produce this effect; the acquired action-effect associations thus mediate the selection of actions that are most appropriate to achieve an intended action goal. If action-effect learning has an associative basis, it should be influenced by factors that are known to affect instrumental learning, such as the temporal contiguity and the probabilistic contingency of movement and effect. In two experiments, the contiguity or the contingency between key presses and subsequent tones was manipulated in various ways. As expected, both factors affected the acquisition of action-effect relations as assessed by the potency of action effects to prime the corresponding action in a later behavioral test. In particular, evidence of action-effect associations was obtained only if the effect of the action was delayed for no more than 1 s, if the effect appeared more often in the presence than in the absence of the action, or if action and effect were entirely uncorrelated but the effect appeared very often. These findings support the assumption that the control of voluntary actions is based on action-effect representations that are acquired by associative learning mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Psychological Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection |
| FullText | Links: – Type: pdflink Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: pbh DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection An: 12757029 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Contiguity and contingency in action-effect learning. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Elsner%2C+Birgit%22">Elsner, Birgit</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hommel%2C+Bernhard%22">Hommel, Bernhard</searchLink> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychological+Research%22">Psychological Research</searchLink>. Apr2004, Vol. 68 Issue 2/3, p138-154. 17p. 4 Charts, 4 Graphs. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sensory+perception%22">Sensory perception</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Volunteer+service%22">Volunteer service</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Paired+associate+learning%22">Paired associate learning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Association+of+ideas%22">Association of ideas</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: According to the two-stage model of voluntary action, the ability to perform voluntary action is acquired in two sequential steps. Firstly, associations are acquired between representations of movements and of the effects that frequently follow them. Secondly, the anticipation or perception of an acquired action effect primes the movement that has been learnt to produce this effect; the acquired action-effect associations thus mediate the selection of actions that are most appropriate to achieve an intended action goal. If action-effect learning has an associative basis, it should be influenced by factors that are known to affect instrumental learning, such as the temporal contiguity and the probabilistic contingency of movement and effect. In two experiments, the contiguity or the contingency between key presses and subsequent tones was manipulated in various ways. As expected, both factors affected the acquisition of action-effect relations as assessed by the potency of action effects to prime the corresponding action in a later behavioral test. In particular, evidence of action-effect associations was obtained only if the effect of the action was delayed for no more than 1 s, if the effect appeared more often in the presence than in the absence of the action, or if action and effect were entirely uncorrelated but the effect appeared very often. These findings support the assumption that the control of voluntary actions is based on action-effect representations that are acquired by associative learning mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Psychological Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
| PLink | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=12757029 |
| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s00426-003-0151-8 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 17 StartPage: 138 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Sensory perception Type: general – SubjectFull: Volunteer service Type: general – SubjectFull: Paired associate learning Type: general – SubjectFull: Association of ideas Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Contiguity and contingency in action-effect learning. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Elsner, Birgit – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Hommel, Bernhard IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 04 Text: Apr2004 Type: published Y: 2004 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 03400727 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 68 – Type: issue Value: 2/3 Titles: – TitleFull: Psychological Research Type: main |
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