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Can spatialisation be extended to episodic memory and open sets?

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Title: Can spatialisation be extended to episodic memory and open sets?
Authors: Guida, Alessandro, Carnet, Sophie, Normandon, Marlène, Lavielle-Guida, Magali
Source: Memory. Aug2018, Vol. 26 Issue 7, p922-935. 14p.
Subjects: Spatial ability, Episodic memory, Short-term memory, Position effect (Genetics), Contextual learning
Abstract: The SPoARC effect (Spatial Positional Associated Response Codes) has only been observed in working memory (WM) using closed sets. It is interpreted as showing that individuals spatialise to-be-remembered items in a left-to-right fashion, using spatialisation as context. Given that context is crucial for episodic memory (EM), we tested if this effect could be observed in EM by using 15-word lists taken from an open set. After each list, 30 probes were sequentially displayed to test recognition. The left/right-hand key assignment for yes/no answers was varied. No SPoARC effect was observed. However, as all previous SPoARC experiments had used short lists and closed sets, it was not possible to know if this absence of SPoARC was due to the open set feature or the length of the lists. A second experiment was thus run using open sets and short 5-word lists, which do not necessitate EM to be remembered. A SPoARC effect was observed indicating that Experiment 1 result was due to the involvement of supra-span lists and that SPoARC effects do not extend to EM with open sets. Experiment 2 also enabled us to generalise the SPoARC effect to open sets in WM for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Memory is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Can spatialisation be extended to episodic memory and open sets?
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Guida%2C+Alessandro%22">Guida, Alessandro</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Carnet%2C+Sophie%22">Carnet, Sophie</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Normandon%2C+Marlène%22">Normandon, Marlène</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lavielle-Guida%2C+Magali%22">Lavielle-Guida, Magali</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Memory%22">Memory</searchLink>. Aug2018, Vol. 26 Issue 7, p922-935. 14p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spatial+ability%22">Spatial ability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Episodic+memory%22">Episodic memory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Short-term+memory%22">Short-term memory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Position+effect+%28Genetics%29%22">Position effect (Genetics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Contextual+learning%22">Contextual learning</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: The SPoARC effect (Spatial Positional Associated Response Codes) has only been observed in working memory (WM) using closed sets. It is interpreted as showing that individuals spatialise to-be-remembered items in a left-to-right fashion, using spatialisation as context. Given that context is crucial for episodic memory (EM), we tested if this effect could be observed in EM by using 15-word lists taken from an open set. After each list, 30 probes were sequentially displayed to test recognition. The left/right-hand key assignment for yes/no answers was varied. No SPoARC effect was observed. However, as all previous SPoARC experiments had used short lists and closed sets, it was not possible to know if this absence of SPoARC was due to the open set feature or the length of the lists. A second experiment was thus run using open sets and short 5-word lists, which do not necessitate EM to be remembered. A SPoARC effect was observed indicating that Experiment 1 result was due to the involvement of supra-span lists and that SPoARC effects do not extend to EM with open sets. Experiment 2 also enabled us to generalise the SPoARC effect to open sets in WM for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Memory is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1428350
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 922
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Spatial ability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Episodic memory
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Short-term memory
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      – SubjectFull: Position effect (Genetics)
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      – SubjectFull: Contextual learning
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      – TitleFull: Can spatialisation be extended to episodic memory and open sets?
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            – D: 01
              M: 08
              Text: Aug2018
              Type: published
              Y: 2018
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