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The central dusty torus in the active nucleus of NGC 1068.

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Title: The central dusty torus in the active nucleus of NGC 1068.
Authors: Jaffe, W., Meisenheimer, K., Röttgering, H. J. A., Leinert, Ch., Richichi, A., Chesneau, O., Fraix-Burnet, D., Glazenborg-Kluttig, A., Granato, G. -L., Grasser, U., Heijligers, B., Köhler, R., Malbet, F., Miley, G. K., Paresce, F., Pel, J. -W., Perrin, G., Przygodda, F., Schoeller, M.
Source: Nature. 5/6/2004, Vol. 429 Issue 6987, p47-49. 3p.
Subjects: Active galactic nuclei, X-rays, Infrared astronomy, Galaxies, Astronomical instruments, Astronomy
Abstract: Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) display many energetic phenomena–broad emission lines, X-rays, relativistic jets, radio lobes–originating from matter falling onto a supermassive black hole. It is widely accepted that orientation effects play a major role in explaining the observational appearance of AGNs. Seen from certain directions, circum-nuclear dust clouds would block our view of the central powerhouse. Indirect evidence suggests that the dust clouds form a parsec-sized torus-shaped distribution. This explanation, however, remains unproved, as even the largest telescopes have not been able to resolve the dust structures. Here we report interferometric mid-infrared observations that spatially resolve these structures in the galaxy NGC 1068. The observations reveal warm (320 K) dust in a structure 2.1 parsec thick and 3.4 parsec in diameter, surrounding a smaller hot structure. As such a configuration of dust clouds would collapse in a time much shorter than the active phase of the AGN, this observation requires a continual input of kinetic energy to the cloud system from a source coexistent with the AGN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nature is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: The central dusty torus in the active nucleus of NGC 1068.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jaffe%2C+W%2E%22">Jaffe, W.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Meisenheimer%2C+K%2E%22">Meisenheimer, K.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Röttgering%2C+H%2E+J%2E+A%2E%22">Röttgering, H. J. A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Leinert%2C+Ch%2E%22">Leinert, Ch.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Richichi%2C+A%2E%22">Richichi, A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chesneau%2C+O%2E%22">Chesneau, O.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fraix-Burnet%2C+D%2E%22">Fraix-Burnet, D.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Glazenborg-Kluttig%2C+A%2E%22">Glazenborg-Kluttig, A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Granato%2C+G%2E+-L%2E%22">Granato, G. -L.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Grasser%2C+U%2E%22">Grasser, U.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Heijligers%2C+B%2E%22">Heijligers, B.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Köhler%2C+R%2E%22">Köhler, R.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Malbet%2C+F%2E%22">Malbet, F.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Miley%2C+G%2E+K%2E%22">Miley, G. K.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Paresce%2C+F%2E%22">Paresce, F.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pel%2C+J%2E+-W%2E%22">Pel, J. -W.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Perrin%2C+G%2E%22">Perrin, G.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Przygodda%2C+F%2E%22">Przygodda, F.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schoeller%2C+M%2E%22">Schoeller, M.</searchLink>
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  Data: Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) display many energetic phenomena–broad emission lines, X-rays, relativistic jets, radio lobes–originating from matter falling onto a supermassive black hole. It is widely accepted that orientation effects play a major role in explaining the observational appearance of AGNs. Seen from certain directions, circum-nuclear dust clouds would block our view of the central powerhouse. Indirect evidence suggests that the dust clouds form a parsec-sized torus-shaped distribution. This explanation, however, remains unproved, as even the largest telescopes have not been able to resolve the dust structures. Here we report interferometric mid-infrared observations that spatially resolve these structures in the galaxy NGC 1068. The observations reveal warm (320 K) dust in a structure 2.1 parsec thick and 3.4 parsec in diameter, surrounding a smaller hot structure. As such a configuration of dust clouds would collapse in a time much shorter than the active phase of the AGN, this observation requires a continual input of kinetic energy to the cloud system from a source coexistent with the AGN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Nature is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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