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Executive function subdomains are associated with post‐stroke functional outcome and permanent institutionalization.

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Title: Executive function subdomains are associated with post‐stroke functional outcome and permanent institutionalization.
Authors: Laakso, H. M., Hietanen, M., Melkas, S., Sibolt, G., Curtze, S., Virta, M., Ylikoski, R., Pohjasvaara, T., Kaste, M., Erkinjuntti, T., Jokinen, H.
Source: European Journal of Neurology. Mar2019, Vol. 26 Issue 3, p546-552. 7p. 5 Charts.
Abstract: Background and purpose: Impairment of executive functions (EFs) is a common cognitive symptom post‐stroke and affects independence in daily activities. Previous studies have often relied on brief cognitive tests not fully considering the wide spectrum of EF subdomains. A detailed assessment of EFs was used to examine which of the subdomains and tests have the strongest predictive value on post‐stroke functional outcome and institutionalization in long‐term follow‐up. Methods: A subsample of 62 patients from the Helsinki Stroke Aging Memory Study was evaluated with a battery of seven neuropsychological EF tests 3 months post‐stroke and compared to 39 healthy control subjects. Functional impairment was evaluated with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale at 3 months, and with the mRS at 15 months post‐stroke. Institutionalization was reviewed from the national registers of permanent hospital admissions in up to 21‐year follow‐up. Results: The stroke group performed more poorly than the control group in multiple EF tests. Tests of inhibition, set shifting, initiation, strategy formation and processing speed were associated with the mRS and IADL scale in stroke patients. EF subdomain scores of inhibition, set shifting and processing speed were associated with functional outcome. In addition, inhibition was associated with the risk for earlier institutionalization. Conclusions: Executive function was strongly associated with post‐stroke functional impairment. In follow‐up, poor inhibition was related to earlier permanent institutionalization. The results suggest the prognostic value of EF subdomains after stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Journal of Neurology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Executive function subdomains are associated with post‐stroke functional outcome and permanent institutionalization.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Laakso%2C+H%2E+M%2E%22">Laakso, H. M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hietanen%2C+M%2E%22">Hietanen, M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Melkas%2C+S%2E%22">Melkas, S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sibolt%2C+G%2E%22">Sibolt, G.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Curtze%2C+S%2E%22">Curtze, S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Virta%2C+M%2E%22">Virta, M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ylikoski%2C+R%2E%22">Ylikoski, R.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pohjasvaara%2C+T%2E%22">Pohjasvaara, T.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kaste%2C+M%2E%22">Kaste, M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Erkinjuntti%2C+T%2E%22">Erkinjuntti, T.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jokinen%2C+H%2E%22">Jokinen, H.</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22European+Journal+of+Neurology%22">European Journal of Neurology</searchLink>. Mar2019, Vol. 26 Issue 3, p546-552. 7p. 5 Charts.
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background and purpose: Impairment of executive functions (EFs) is a common cognitive symptom post‐stroke and affects independence in daily activities. Previous studies have often relied on brief cognitive tests not fully considering the wide spectrum of EF subdomains. A detailed assessment of EFs was used to examine which of the subdomains and tests have the strongest predictive value on post‐stroke functional outcome and institutionalization in long‐term follow‐up. Methods: A subsample of 62 patients from the Helsinki Stroke Aging Memory Study was evaluated with a battery of seven neuropsychological EF tests 3 months post‐stroke and compared to 39 healthy control subjects. Functional impairment was evaluated with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale at 3 months, and with the mRS at 15 months post‐stroke. Institutionalization was reviewed from the national registers of permanent hospital admissions in up to 21‐year follow‐up. Results: The stroke group performed more poorly than the control group in multiple EF tests. Tests of inhibition, set shifting, initiation, strategy formation and processing speed were associated with the mRS and IADL scale in stroke patients. EF subdomain scores of inhibition, set shifting and processing speed were associated with functional outcome. In addition, inhibition was associated with the risk for earlier institutionalization. Conclusions: Executive function was strongly associated with post‐stroke functional impairment. In follow‐up, poor inhibition was related to earlier permanent institutionalization. The results suggest the prognostic value of EF subdomains after stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of European Journal of Neurology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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