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Neural correlates of instrumental responding in the context of alcohol-related cues index disorder severity and relapse risk.

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Title: Neural correlates of instrumental responding in the context of alcohol-related cues index disorder severity and relapse risk.
Authors: Schad, Daniel J. (AUTHOR), Garbusow, Maria (AUTHOR), Friedel, Eva (AUTHOR), Sommer, Christian (AUTHOR), Sebold, Miriam (AUTHOR), Hägele, Claudia (AUTHOR), Bernhardt, Nadine (AUTHOR), Nebe, Stephan (AUTHOR), Kuitunen-Paul, Sören (AUTHOR), Liu, Shuyan (AUTHOR), Eichmann, Uta (AUTHOR), Beck, Anne (AUTHOR), Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich (AUTHOR), Walter, Henrik (AUTHOR), Sterzer, Philipp (AUTHOR), Zimmermann, Ulrich S. (AUTHOR), Smolka, Michael N. (AUTHOR), Schlagenhauf, Florian (AUTHOR), Huys, Quentin J. M. (AUTHOR), Heinz, Andreas (AUTHOR)
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience. Apr2019, Vol. 269 Issue 3, p295-308. 14p. 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs.
Subjects: Drug-seeking behavior, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Operant behavior, Aversive stimuli, Nucleus accumbens, Monetary incentives
Abstract: The influence of Pavlovian conditioned stimuli on ongoing behavior may contribute to explaining how alcohol cues stimulate drug seeking and intake. Using a Pavlovian-instrumental transfer task, we investigated the effects of alcohol-related cues on approach behavior (i.e., instrumental response behavior) and its neural correlates, and related both to the relapse after detoxification in alcohol-dependent patients. Thirty-one recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients and 24 healthy controls underwent instrumental training, where approach or non-approach towards initially neutral stimuli was reinforced by monetary incentives. Approach behavior was tested during extinction with either alcohol-related or neutral stimuli (as Pavlovian cues) presented in the background during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Patients were subsequently followed up for 6 months. We observed that alcohol-related background stimuli inhibited the approach behavior in detoxified alcohol-dependent patients (t = − 3.86, p <.001), but not in healthy controls (t = − 0.92, p =.36). This behavioral inhibition was associated with neural activation in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) (t(30) = 2.06, p <.05). Interestingly, both the effects were only present in subsequent abstainers, but not relapsers and in those with mild but not severe dependence. Our data show that alcohol-related cues can acquire inhibitory behavioral features typical of aversive stimuli despite being accompanied by a stronger NAcc activation, suggesting salience attribution. The fact that these findings are restricted to abstinence and milder illness suggests that they may be potential resilience factors. Clinical trial: LeAD study, http://www.lead-studie.de, NCT01679145. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: The influence of Pavlovian conditioned stimuli on ongoing behavior may contribute to explaining how alcohol cues stimulate drug seeking and intake. Using a Pavlovian-instrumental transfer task, we investigated the effects of alcohol-related cues on approach behavior (i.e., instrumental response behavior) and its neural correlates, and related both to the relapse after detoxification in alcohol-dependent patients. Thirty-one recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients and 24 healthy controls underwent instrumental training, where approach or non-approach towards initially neutral stimuli was reinforced by monetary incentives. Approach behavior was tested during extinction with either alcohol-related or neutral stimuli (as Pavlovian cues) presented in the background during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Patients were subsequently followed up for 6 months. We observed that alcohol-related background stimuli inhibited the approach behavior in detoxified alcohol-dependent patients (t = − 3.86, p &lt;.001), but not in healthy controls (t = − 0.92, p =.36). This behavioral inhibition was associated with neural activation in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) (t(30) = 2.06, p &lt;.05). Interestingly, both the effects were only present in subsequent abstainers, but not relapsers and in those with mild but not severe dependence. Our data show that alcohol-related cues can acquire inhibitory behavioral features typical of aversive stimuli despite being accompanied by a stronger NAcc activation, suggesting salience attribution. The fact that these findings are restricted to abstinence and milder illness suggests that they may be potential resilience factors. Clinical trial: LeAD study, http://www.lead-studie.de, NCT01679145. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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