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Long-term effects of stimulant treatment on ADHD symptoms, social–emotional functioning, and cognition.

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Title: Long-term effects of stimulant treatment on ADHD symptoms, social–emotional functioning, and cognition.
Authors: Schweren, Lizanne (AUTHOR), Hoekstra, Pieter (AUTHOR), van Lieshout, Marloes (AUTHOR), Oosterlaan, Jaap (AUTHOR), Lambregts-Rommelse, Nanda (AUTHOR), Buitelaar, Jan (AUTHOR), Franke, Barbara (AUTHOR), Hartman, Catharina (AUTHOR)
Source: Psychological Medicine. Jan2019, Vol. 49 Issue 2, p217-223. 7p.
Subjects: Methylphenidate, Central nervous system stimulants, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Cognitive testing, Comparative studies, Emotions, Longitudinal method, Psychotherapy patients, Social skills, Treatment effectiveness, Descriptive statistics, Evaluation, Therapeutics
Abstract: Background: Methodological and ethical constraints have hampered studies into long-term lasting outcomes of stimulant treatment in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Lasting effects may be beneficial (i.e. improved functioning even when treatment is temporarily ceased) or detrimental (i.e. worse functioning while off medication), but both hypotheses currently lack empirical support. Here we investigate whether stimulant treatment history predicts long-term development of ADHD symptoms, social–emotional functioning or cognition, measured after medication wash-out. Methods: ADHD symptoms, social–emotional functioning and cognitive test performance were measured twice, 6 years apart, in two ADHD groups (stimulant-treated versus not stimulant-treated between baseline and follow-up). Groups were closely matched on baseline clinical and demographic variables (n = 148, 58% male, age = 11.1). A matched healthy control group was included for reference. Results: All but two outcome measures (emotional problems and prosocial behaviour) improved between baseline and follow-up. Improvement over time in the stimulant-treated group did not differ from improvement in the not stimulant-treated group on any outcome measure. Conclusions: Stimulant treatment is not associated with the long-term developmental course of ADHD symptoms, social–emotional functioning, motor control, timing or verbal working memory. Adolescence is characterised by clinical improvement regardless of stimulant treatment during that time. These findings are an important source to inform the scientific and public debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Long-term effects of stimulant treatment on ADHD symptoms, social–emotional functioning, and cognition.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schweren%2C+Lizanne%22">Schweren, Lizanne</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hoekstra%2C+Pieter%22">Hoekstra, Pieter</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22van+Lieshout%2C+Marloes%22">van Lieshout, Marloes</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Oosterlaan%2C+Jaap%22">Oosterlaan, Jaap</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lambregts-Rommelse%2C+Nanda%22">Lambregts-Rommelse, Nanda</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Buitelaar%2C+Jan%22">Buitelaar, Jan</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Franke%2C+Barbara%22">Franke, Barbara</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hartman%2C+Catharina%22">Hartman, Catharina</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychological+Medicine%22">Psychological Medicine</searchLink>. Jan2019, Vol. 49 Issue 2, p217-223. 7p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Methylphenidate%22">Methylphenidate</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Central+nervous+system+stimulants%22">Central nervous system stimulants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attention-deficit+hyperactivity+disorder%22">Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+testing%22">Cognitive testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+studies%22">Comparative studies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emotions%22">Emotions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Longitudinal+method%22">Longitudinal method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychotherapy+patients%22">Psychotherapy patients</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+skills%22">Social skills</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Treatment+effectiveness%22">Treatment effectiveness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Evaluation%22">Evaluation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Therapeutics%22">Therapeutics</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Background: Methodological and ethical constraints have hampered studies into long-term lasting outcomes of stimulant treatment in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Lasting effects may be beneficial (i.e. improved functioning even when treatment is temporarily ceased) or detrimental (i.e. worse functioning while off medication), but both hypotheses currently lack empirical support. Here we investigate whether stimulant treatment history predicts long-term development of ADHD symptoms, social–emotional functioning or cognition, measured after medication wash-out. Methods: ADHD symptoms, social–emotional functioning and cognitive test performance were measured twice, 6 years apart, in two ADHD groups (stimulant-treated versus not stimulant-treated between baseline and follow-up). Groups were closely matched on baseline clinical and demographic variables (n = 148, 58% male, age = 11.1). A matched healthy control group was included for reference. Results: All but two outcome measures (emotional problems and prosocial behaviour) improved between baseline and follow-up. Improvement over time in the stimulant-treated group did not differ from improvement in the not stimulant-treated group on any outcome measure. Conclusions: Stimulant treatment is not associated with the long-term developmental course of ADHD symptoms, social–emotional functioning, motor control, timing or verbal working memory. Adolescence is characterised by clinical improvement regardless of stimulant treatment during that time. These findings are an important source to inform the scientific and public debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1017/S0033291718000545
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 7
        StartPage: 217
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Methylphenidate
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Central nervous system stimulants
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
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      – SubjectFull: Cognitive testing
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      – SubjectFull: Comparative studies
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      – SubjectFull: Emotions
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      – SubjectFull: Longitudinal method
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      – SubjectFull: Psychotherapy patients
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      – SubjectFull: Social skills
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      – SubjectFull: Treatment effectiveness
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      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Therapeutics
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              Text: Jan2019
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