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Metacognitive reflection and insight therapy (MERIT) for patients with schizophrenia.

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Title: Metacognitive reflection and insight therapy (MERIT) for patients with schizophrenia.
Authors: de Jong, S. (AUTHOR), van Donkersgoed, R. J. M. (AUTHOR), Timmerman, M. E. (AUTHOR), aan het Rot, M. (AUTHOR), Wunderink, L. (AUTHOR), Arends, J. (AUTHOR), van Der Gaag, M. (AUTHOR), Aleman, A. (AUTHOR), Lysaker, P. H. (AUTHOR), Pijnenborg, G. H. M. (AUTHOR)
Source: Psychological Medicine. Jan2019, Vol. 49 Issue 2, p303-313. 11p.
Subjects: Schizophrenia treatment, Cognitive testing, Psychotherapy, Psychotherapy patients, Reflection (Philosophy), Statistical sampling, Psychosocial factors, Randomized controlled trials, Treatment effectiveness, Pre-tests & post-tests
Abstract: Background: Impaired metacognition is associated with difficulties in the daily functioning of people with psychosis. Metacognition can be divided into four domains: Self-Reflection, Understanding the Other's Mind, Decentration, and Mastery. This study investigated whether Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy (MERIT) can be used to improve metacognition. Methods: This study is a randomized controlled trial. Patients in the active condition (n = 35) received forty MERIT sessions, the control group (n = 35) received treatment as usual. Multilevel intention-to-treat and completers analyses were performed for metacognition and secondary outcomes (psychotic symptomatology, cognitive insight, Theory of Mind, empathy, depression, self-stigma, quality of life, social functioning, and work readiness). Results: Eighteen out of 35 participants finished treatment, half the drop-out stemmed from therapist attrition (N = 5) or before the first session (N = 4). Intention-to-treat analysis demonstrated that in both groups metacognition improved between pre- and post-measurements, with no significant differences between the groups. Patients who received MERIT continued to improve, while the control group returned to baseline, leading to significant differences at follow-up. Completers analysis (18/35) showed improvements on the Metacognition Assessment Scale (MAS-A) scales Self Reflectivity and metacognitive Mastery at follow-up. No effects were found on secondary outcomes. Conclusions: On average, participants in the MERIT group were, based on MAS-A scores, at follow-up more likely to recognize their thoughts as changeable rather than as facts. MERIT might be useful for patients whose self-reflection is too limited to benefit from other therapies. Given how no changes were found in secondary measures, further research is needed. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Metacognitive reflection and insight therapy (MERIT) for patients with schizophrenia.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22de+Jong%2C+S%2E%22">de Jong, S.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22van+Donkersgoed%2C+R%2E+J%2E+M%2E%22">van Donkersgoed, R. J. M.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Timmerman%2C+M%2E+E%2E%22">Timmerman, M. E.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22aan+het+Rot%2C+M%2E%22">aan het Rot, M.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wunderink%2C+L%2E%22">Wunderink, L.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Arends%2C+J%2E%22">Arends, J.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22van+Der+Gaag%2C+M%2E%22">van Der Gaag, M.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Aleman%2C+A%2E%22">Aleman, A.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lysaker%2C+P%2E+H%2E%22">Lysaker, P. H.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pijnenborg%2C+G%2E+H%2E+M%2E%22">Pijnenborg, G. H. M.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychological+Medicine%22">Psychological Medicine</searchLink>. Jan2019, Vol. 49 Issue 2, p303-313. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Schizophrenia+treatment%22">Schizophrenia treatment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+testing%22">Cognitive testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychotherapy%22">Psychotherapy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychotherapy+patients%22">Psychotherapy patients</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reflection+%28Philosophy%29%22">Reflection (Philosophy)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+sampling%22">Statistical sampling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychosocial+factors%22">Psychosocial factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Randomized+controlled+trials%22">Randomized controlled trials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Treatment+effectiveness%22">Treatment effectiveness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pre-tests+%26+post-tests%22">Pre-tests & post-tests</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Impaired metacognition is associated with difficulties in the daily functioning of people with psychosis. Metacognition can be divided into four domains: Self-Reflection, Understanding the Other's Mind, Decentration, and Mastery. This study investigated whether Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy (MERIT) can be used to improve metacognition. Methods: This study is a randomized controlled trial. Patients in the active condition (n = 35) received forty MERIT sessions, the control group (n = 35) received treatment as usual. Multilevel intention-to-treat and completers analyses were performed for metacognition and secondary outcomes (psychotic symptomatology, cognitive insight, Theory of Mind, empathy, depression, self-stigma, quality of life, social functioning, and work readiness). Results: Eighteen out of 35 participants finished treatment, half the drop-out stemmed from therapist attrition (N = 5) or before the first session (N = 4). Intention-to-treat analysis demonstrated that in both groups metacognition improved between pre- and post-measurements, with no significant differences between the groups. Patients who received MERIT continued to improve, while the control group returned to baseline, leading to significant differences at follow-up. Completers analysis (18/35) showed improvements on the Metacognition Assessment Scale (MAS-A) scales Self Reflectivity and metacognitive Mastery at follow-up. No effects were found on secondary outcomes. Conclusions: On average, participants in the MERIT group were, based on MAS-A scores, at follow-up more likely to recognize their thoughts as changeable rather than as facts. MERIT might be useful for patients whose self-reflection is too limited to benefit from other therapies. Given how no changes were found in secondary measures, further research is needed. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=136611622
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1017/S0033291718000855
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Schizophrenia treatment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cognitive testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychotherapy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychotherapy patients
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      – SubjectFull: Reflection (Philosophy)
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      – SubjectFull: Statistical sampling
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      – SubjectFull: Psychosocial factors
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      – SubjectFull: Randomized controlled trials
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      – SubjectFull: Pre-tests & post-tests
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      – TitleFull: Metacognitive reflection and insight therapy (MERIT) for patients with schizophrenia.
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              Text: Jan2019
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