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Opposition to Nonprescription Naloxone Access: Measurement and Psychosocial Predictors.

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Title: Opposition to Nonprescription Naloxone Access: Measurement and Psychosocial Predictors.
Authors: Calabrese, Christopher (AUTHOR), Bell, Robert A. (AUTHOR)
Source: Substance Use & Misuse. 2019, Vol. 54 Issue 11, p1853-1861. 9p. 5 Charts.
Subjects: Nonprescription drugs, Experimental design, Health care reform, Research methodology, Health policy, Naloxone, Personality, Policy sciences, Practical politics, Psychometrics, Public opinion, Regression analysis, Social skills, Drug abusers, Drug control, Multitrait multimethod techniques, Research methodology evaluation
Abstract: Background: Access of naloxone has been increased in recent years, yet opposition to unrestricted availability persists. Objectives: To validate a measure of opposition to the policy of nonprescription naloxone and foster a better understanding of the characteristics of individuals who oppose such a policy. Methods: Respondents from a crowdsource platform (N = 621) responded to an instrument developed to assess opposition to nonprescription naloxone. Construct validity was assessed by examining the relationship of the opposition scale with measures of social distance, belief in a just world, right wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation (SDO), perceptions of the degree of threat to the nation presented by opioid users, past exposure to opioid misuse, and conservative political ideology. Results: A 9-item measure of opposition emerged (α=.96). Opposition to nonprescription naloxone was generally associated with construct validation variables as expected. In a regression analysis that adjusted for demographic characteristics, opposition was most strongly related to authoritarianism, the perception that opioid users present a threat to our nation, the belief that we live in a just world, social dominance orientation, greater perceived social distance between self and opioid users, and past experiences with users. Opposition scores differentiated those who supported versus opposed specific policies regarding naloxone access and were particularly high among Republicans. Most respondents did not oppose policies on nonprescription naloxone access. Conclusions/Importance: The instrument developed provides a reliable and valid tool that enables future investigations into understanding and overcoming the psychological, social, and political foundations of opposition to expanded naloxone access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Substance Use & Misuse is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Opposition to Nonprescription Naloxone Access: Measurement and Psychosocial Predictors.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Calabrese%2C+Christopher%22">Calabrese, Christopher</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bell%2C+Robert+A%2E%22">Bell, Robert A.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Substance+Use+%26+Misuse%22">Substance Use & Misuse</searchLink>. 2019, Vol. 54 Issue 11, p1853-1861. 9p. 5 Charts.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nonprescription+drugs%22">Nonprescription drugs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Experimental+design%22">Experimental design</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Health+care+reform%22">Health care reform</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+methodology%22">Research methodology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Health+policy%22">Health policy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Naloxone%22">Naloxone</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Personality%22">Personality</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Policy+sciences%22">Policy sciences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Practical+politics%22">Practical politics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychometrics%22">Psychometrics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Public+opinion%22">Public opinion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Regression+analysis%22">Regression analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+skills%22">Social skills</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drug+abusers%22">Drug abusers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drug+control%22">Drug control</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multitrait+multimethod+techniques%22">Multitrait multimethod techniques</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+methodology+evaluation%22">Research methodology evaluation</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Background: Access of naloxone has been increased in recent years, yet opposition to unrestricted availability persists. Objectives: To validate a measure of opposition to the policy of nonprescription naloxone and foster a better understanding of the characteristics of individuals who oppose such a policy. Methods: Respondents from a crowdsource platform (N = 621) responded to an instrument developed to assess opposition to nonprescription naloxone. Construct validity was assessed by examining the relationship of the opposition scale with measures of social distance, belief in a just world, right wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation (SDO), perceptions of the degree of threat to the nation presented by opioid users, past exposure to opioid misuse, and conservative political ideology. Results: A 9-item measure of opposition emerged (α=.96). Opposition to nonprescription naloxone was generally associated with construct validation variables as expected. In a regression analysis that adjusted for demographic characteristics, opposition was most strongly related to authoritarianism, the perception that opioid users present a threat to our nation, the belief that we live in a just world, social dominance orientation, greater perceived social distance between self and opioid users, and past experiences with users. Opposition scores differentiated those who supported versus opposed specific policies regarding naloxone access and were particularly high among Republicans. Most respondents did not oppose policies on nonprescription naloxone access. Conclusions/Importance: The instrument developed provides a reliable and valid tool that enables future investigations into understanding and overcoming the psychological, social, and political foundations of opposition to expanded naloxone access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Substance Use & Misuse is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1618331
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 9
        StartPage: 1853
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Nonprescription drugs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Experimental design
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Health care reform
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research methodology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Health policy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Naloxone
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Personality
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Policy sciences
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Practical politics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychometrics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Public opinion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Regression analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Social skills
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Drug abusers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Drug control
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Multitrait multimethod techniques
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research methodology evaluation
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Opposition to Nonprescription Naloxone Access: Measurement and Psychosocial Predictors.
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            NameFull: Calabrese, Christopher
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              M: 09
              Text: 2019
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              Y: 2019
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              Value: 54
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              Value: 11
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