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Hypertension, seizures, and epilepsy: a review on pathophysiology and management.

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Title: Hypertension, seizures, and epilepsy: a review on pathophysiology and management.
Authors: Gasparini, Sara (AUTHOR), Ferlazzo, Edoardo (AUTHOR), Sueri, Chiara (AUTHOR), Cianci, Vittoria (AUTHOR), Ascoli, Michele (AUTHOR), Cavalli, Salvatore M. (AUTHOR), Beghi, Ettore (AUTHOR), Belcastro, Vincenzo (AUTHOR), Bianchi, Amedeo (AUTHOR), Benna, Paolo (AUTHOR), Cantello, Roberto (AUTHOR), Consoli, Domenico (AUTHOR), De Falco, Fabrizio A. (AUTHOR), Di Gennaro, Giancarlo (AUTHOR), Gambardella, Antonio (AUTHOR), Gigli, Gian Luigi (AUTHOR), Iudice, Alfonso (AUTHOR), Labate, Angelo (AUTHOR), Michelucci, Roberto (AUTHOR), Paciaroni, Maurizio (AUTHOR)
Source: Neurological Sciences. Sep2019, Vol. 40 Issue 9, p1775-1783. 9p. 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs.
Subjects: Epilepsy, Cerebrovascular disease, Hypertension risk factors, Hypertensive crisis, Renin-angiotensin system, Posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome, Hypertension
Abstract: Background: Epilepsy and hypertension are common chronic conditions, both showing high prevalence in older age groups. This review outlines current experimental and clinical evidence on both direct and indirect role of hypertension in epileptogenesis and discusses the principles of drug treatment in patients with hypertension and epilepsy.Methods: We selected English-written articles on epilepsy, hypertension, stroke, and cerebrovascular disease until December, 2018.Results: Renin-angiotensin system might play a central role in the direct interaction between hypertension and epilepsy, but other mechanisms may be contemplated. Large-artery stroke, small vessel disease and posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome are hypertension-related brain lesions able to determine epilepsy by indirect mechanisms. The role of hypertension as an independent risk factor for post-stroke epilepsy has not been demonstrated. The role of hypertension-related small vessel disease in adult-onset epilepsy has been demonstrated. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is an acute condition, often caused by a hypertensive crisis, associated with the occurrence of acute symptomatic seizures. Chronic antiepileptic treatment should consider the risk of drug-drug interactions with antihypertensives.Conclusions: Current evidence from preclinical and clinical studies supports the vision that hypertension may be a cause of seizures and epilepsy through direct or indirect mechanisms. In both post-stroke epilepsy and small vessel disease-associated epilepsy, chronic antiepileptic treatment is recommended. In posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome blood pressure must be rapidly lowered and prompt antiepileptic treatment should be initiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Neurological Sciences is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Hypertension, seizures, and epilepsy: a review on pathophysiology and management.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gasparini%2C+Sara%22">Gasparini, Sara</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ferlazzo%2C+Edoardo%22">Ferlazzo, Edoardo</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sueri%2C+Chiara%22">Sueri, Chiara</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cianci%2C+Vittoria%22">Cianci, Vittoria</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ascoli%2C+Michele%22">Ascoli, Michele</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cavalli%2C+Salvatore+M%2E%22">Cavalli, Salvatore M.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Beghi%2C+Ettore%22">Beghi, Ettore</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Belcastro%2C+Vincenzo%22">Belcastro, Vincenzo</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bianchi%2C+Amedeo%22">Bianchi, Amedeo</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Benna%2C+Paolo%22">Benna, Paolo</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cantello%2C+Roberto%22">Cantello, Roberto</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Consoli%2C+Domenico%22">Consoli, Domenico</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22De+Falco%2C+Fabrizio+A%2E%22">De Falco, Fabrizio A.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Di+Gennaro%2C+Giancarlo%22">Di Gennaro, Giancarlo</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gambardella%2C+Antonio%22">Gambardella, Antonio</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gigli%2C+Gian+Luigi%22">Gigli, Gian Luigi</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Iudice%2C+Alfonso%22">Iudice, Alfonso</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Labate%2C+Angelo%22">Labate, Angelo</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Michelucci%2C+Roberto%22">Michelucci, Roberto</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Paciaroni%2C+Maurizio%22">Paciaroni, Maurizio</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Neurological+Sciences%22">Neurological Sciences</searchLink>. Sep2019, Vol. 40 Issue 9, p1775-1783. 9p. 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Epilepsy%22">Epilepsy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cerebrovascular+disease%22">Cerebrovascular disease</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hypertension+risk+factors%22">Hypertension risk factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hypertensive+crisis%22">Hypertensive crisis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Renin-angiotensin+system%22">Renin-angiotensin system</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Posterior+leukoencephalopathy+syndrome%22">Posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hypertension%22">Hypertension</searchLink>
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  Data: <bold>Background: </bold>Epilepsy and hypertension are common chronic conditions, both showing high prevalence in older age groups. This review outlines current experimental and clinical evidence on both direct and indirect role of hypertension in epileptogenesis and discusses the principles of drug treatment in patients with hypertension and epilepsy.<bold>Methods: </bold>We selected English-written articles on epilepsy, hypertension, stroke, and cerebrovascular disease until December, 2018.<bold>Results: </bold>Renin-angiotensin system might play a central role in the direct interaction between hypertension and epilepsy, but other mechanisms may be contemplated. Large-artery stroke, small vessel disease and posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome are hypertension-related brain lesions able to determine epilepsy by indirect mechanisms. The role of hypertension as an independent risk factor for post-stroke epilepsy has not been demonstrated. The role of hypertension-related small vessel disease in adult-onset epilepsy has been demonstrated. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is an acute condition, often caused by a hypertensive crisis, associated with the occurrence of acute symptomatic seizures. Chronic antiepileptic treatment should consider the risk of drug-drug interactions with antihypertensives.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Current evidence from preclinical and clinical studies supports the vision that hypertension may be a cause of seizures and epilepsy through direct or indirect mechanisms. In both post-stroke epilepsy and small vessel disease-associated epilepsy, chronic antiepileptic treatment is recommended. In posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome blood pressure must be rapidly lowered and prompt antiepileptic treatment should be initiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Neurological Sciences is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s10072-019-03913-4
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        Text: English
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