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Defining and Predicting Opioid and Cocaine Treatment Response.

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Title: Defining and Predicting Opioid and Cocaine Treatment Response.
Authors: Gardner, Robert A. (AUTHOR), Epstein, David H. (AUTHOR), Preston, Kenzie L. (AUTHOR), Phillips, Karran A. (AUTHOR)
Source: Substance Use & Misuse. 2019, Vol. 54 Issue 13, p2134-2143. 10p. 1 Chart.
Subjects: Cocaine, Methadone treatment programs, Therapeutic use of narcotics, Substance abuse diagnosis, Diagnosis of drug addictions, Attitude (Psychology), Confidence intervals, Drug addiction, Fathers, Help-seeking behavior, Hepatitis C, Heroin, Interviewing, Research methodology, Classification of mental disorders, Narcotics, Psychotherapy, Therapeutics, White people, Treatment effectiveness, Patients' attitudes, Odds ratio
Abstract: Background: Treatment with methadone is effective in reducing heroin use, HIV risk, and death; however, not all patients respond to treatment. Better outcomes may emerge with personalized treatment based on factors that influence treatment courses. Objectives: To investigate psychosocial variables contributing to treatment response, using a comprehensive definition of treatment response. Methods: Seventy participants seeking treatment for heroin and cocaine addiction completed up to 40 weeks of daily methadone. At week 22, we administered a semi-structured interview for DSM-IV symptoms. We defined opioid treatment responders as people still enrolled at 22 weeks, not meeting past 30-day criteria for DSM-IV opioid abuse or dependence or DSM-5 opioid use disorder, and providing ≥75% opioid-negative urine samples in the 30 days prior to week 22. The same criteria were applied to assess cocaine treatment response. Results: Sample was 71% male, 41% White, and averaged 39.4 ± 7.9 years old. Opioid treatment response was more likely in participants who had been employed over the past 3 years (OR: 8.1, 95% CI: 1.2–55) and less likely in those who spent more time on hobbies (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.23–0.88). Cocaine treatment response was more likely in participants who had a good relationship with their father (OR: 5.3, 95% CI: 1.2–24) and less likely if positive for hepatitis C (OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.03–0.75). Conclusions: Pretreatment characteristics differentially predict treatment response for heroin and cocaine use. Similar research in diverse patient groups may aid in the development of personalized treatment combining biologic treatment with targeted psychosocial interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Substance Use & Misuse is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Defining and Predicting Opioid and Cocaine Treatment Response.
– Name: Author
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gardner%2C+Robert+A%2E%22">Gardner, Robert A.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Epstein%2C+David+H%2E%22">Epstein, David H.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Preston%2C+Kenzie+L%2E%22">Preston, Kenzie L.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Phillips%2C+Karran+A%2E%22">Phillips, Karran A.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Substance+Use+%26+Misuse%22">Substance Use & Misuse</searchLink>. 2019, Vol. 54 Issue 13, p2134-2143. 10p. 1 Chart.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cocaine%22">Cocaine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Methadone+treatment+programs%22">Methadone treatment programs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Therapeutic+use+of+narcotics%22">Therapeutic use of narcotics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Substance+abuse+diagnosis%22">Substance abuse diagnosis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Diagnosis+of+drug+addictions%22">Diagnosis of drug addictions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attitude+%28Psychology%29%22">Attitude (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence+intervals%22">Confidence intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drug+addiction%22">Drug addiction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fathers%22">Fathers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Help-seeking+behavior%22">Help-seeking behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hepatitis+C%22">Hepatitis C</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heroin%22">Heroin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interviewing%22">Interviewing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+methodology%22">Research methodology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Classification+of+mental+disorders%22">Classification of mental disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Narcotics%22">Narcotics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychotherapy%22">Psychotherapy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Therapeutics%22">Therapeutics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22White+people%22">White people</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Treatment+effectiveness%22">Treatment effectiveness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Patients'+attitudes%22">Patients' attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Odds+ratio%22">Odds ratio</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Treatment with methadone is effective in reducing heroin use, HIV risk, and death; however, not all patients respond to treatment. Better outcomes may emerge with personalized treatment based on factors that influence treatment courses. Objectives: To investigate psychosocial variables contributing to treatment response, using a comprehensive definition of treatment response. Methods: Seventy participants seeking treatment for heroin and cocaine addiction completed up to 40 weeks of daily methadone. At week 22, we administered a semi-structured interview for DSM-IV symptoms. We defined opioid treatment responders as people still enrolled at 22 weeks, not meeting past 30-day criteria for DSM-IV opioid abuse or dependence or DSM-5 opioid use disorder, and providing ≥75% opioid-negative urine samples in the 30 days prior to week 22. The same criteria were applied to assess cocaine treatment response. Results: Sample was 71% male, 41% White, and averaged 39.4 ± 7.9 years old. Opioid treatment response was more likely in participants who had been employed over the past 3 years (OR: 8.1, 95% CI: 1.2–55) and less likely in those who spent more time on hobbies (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.23–0.88). Cocaine treatment response was more likely in participants who had a good relationship with their father (OR: 5.3, 95% CI: 1.2–24) and less likely if positive for hepatitis C (OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.03–0.75). Conclusions: Pretreatment characteristics differentially predict treatment response for heroin and cocaine use. Similar research in diverse patient groups may aid in the development of personalized treatment combining biologic treatment with targeted psychosocial interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Substance Use & Misuse is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1638405
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 2134
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Cocaine
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Methadone treatment programs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Therapeutic use of narcotics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Substance abuse diagnosis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Diagnosis of drug addictions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Attitude (Psychology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Drug addiction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fathers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Help-seeking behavior
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hepatitis C
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Heroin
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interviewing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research methodology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Classification of mental disorders
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Narcotics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychotherapy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Therapeutics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: White people
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Treatment effectiveness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Patients' attitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Odds ratio
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Defining and Predicting Opioid and Cocaine Treatment Response.
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            NameFull: Epstein, David H.
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            NameFull: Preston, Kenzie L.
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            NameFull: Phillips, Karran A.
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              M: 11
              Text: 2019
              Type: published
              Y: 2019
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              Value: 54
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              Value: 13
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            – TitleFull: Substance Use & Misuse
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