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Overweight in family members of probands with ADHD.

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Title: Overweight in family members of probands with ADHD.
Authors: Geuijen, Pauline M., Buitelaar, Jan K., Fliers, Ellen A., Maras, Athanasios, Schweren, Lizanne J. S., Oosterlaan, Jaap, Hoekstra, Pieter J., Franke, Barbara, Hartman, Catharina A., Rommelse, Nanda N.
Source: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. Dec2019, Vol. 28 Issue 12, p1659-1669. 11p. 3 Charts, 2 Graphs.
Subjects: Obesity risk factors, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Confidence intervals, Genetics, Longitudinal method, Melatonin, Socioeconomic factors, Body mass index, Disease prevalence, Odds ratio, Disease complications
Abstract: The widely reported association between ADHD and overweight may be attributable to genetic and environmental factors also present in unaffected family members. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between ADHD and overweight within families. A cohort was used of families with at least one member with ADHD, recruited as part of the Dutch node of the International Multicenter ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) study, with assessments taking place between 2003 and 2006, 2009 and 2012, and 2013 and 2015. The three assessment waves yielded N = 1828 youth assessments and N = 998 parent assessments from N = 447 unique families. Overweight was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 85th percentile for youth of the same age and sex; overweight in adults as a BMI ≥ 25. Effects of age, gender, and medication use (psychostimulants, antipsychotics, and melatonin) were taken into account. Generalized estimation equations were used to correct for within-family and within-subject correlations. There was no difference in risk between ADHD-affected youth and their unaffected siblings (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.78–1.09). However, compared to population prevalence data, all ADHD family members alike were at increased risk for being overweight: ADHD-affected youth (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.13–1.59), unaffected siblings (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.45–2.08), mothers (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.40–2.17) and fathers (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.46–2.15). Parental overweight—but not parental ADHD—was predictive of offspring overweight (mothers OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.14–1.73, fathers OR 1.83; 95% CI 1.41–2.36). Being overweight runs in ADHD families, yet is not specifically linked to ADHD within families. Shared unhealthy lifestyle factors (including nutrition, sleep, exercise, stress) as well as genetic factors shared by family members likely explain the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Overweight in family members of probands with ADHD.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Geuijen%2C+Pauline+M%2E%22">Geuijen, Pauline M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Buitelaar%2C+Jan+K%2E%22">Buitelaar, Jan K.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fliers%2C+Ellen+A%2E%22">Fliers, Ellen A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Maras%2C+Athanasios%22">Maras, Athanasios</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schweren%2C+Lizanne+J%2E+S%2E%22">Schweren, Lizanne J. S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Oosterlaan%2C+Jaap%22">Oosterlaan, Jaap</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hoekstra%2C+Pieter+J%2E%22">Hoekstra, Pieter J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Franke%2C+Barbara%22">Franke, Barbara</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hartman%2C+Catharina+A%2E%22">Hartman, Catharina A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rommelse%2C+Nanda+N%2E%22">Rommelse, Nanda N.</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22European+Child+%26+Adolescent+Psychiatry%22">European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry</searchLink>. Dec2019, Vol. 28 Issue 12, p1659-1669. 11p. 3 Charts, 2 Graphs.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Obesity+risk+factors%22">Obesity risk factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attention-deficit+hyperactivity+disorder%22">Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence+intervals%22">Confidence intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Genetics%22">Genetics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Longitudinal+method%22">Longitudinal method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Melatonin%22">Melatonin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Socioeconomic+factors%22">Socioeconomic factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Body+mass+index%22">Body mass index</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Disease+prevalence%22">Disease prevalence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Odds+ratio%22">Odds ratio</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Disease+complications%22">Disease complications</searchLink>
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  Data: The widely reported association between ADHD and overweight may be attributable to genetic and environmental factors also present in unaffected family members. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between ADHD and overweight within families. A cohort was used of families with at least one member with ADHD, recruited as part of the Dutch node of the International Multicenter ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) study, with assessments taking place between 2003 and 2006, 2009 and 2012, and 2013 and 2015. The three assessment waves yielded N = 1828 youth assessments and N = 998 parent assessments from N = 447 unique families. Overweight was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 85th percentile for youth of the same age and sex; overweight in adults as a BMI ≥ 25. Effects of age, gender, and medication use (psychostimulants, antipsychotics, and melatonin) were taken into account. Generalized estimation equations were used to correct for within-family and within-subject correlations. There was no difference in risk between ADHD-affected youth and their unaffected siblings (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.78–1.09). However, compared to population prevalence data, all ADHD family members alike were at increased risk for being overweight: ADHD-affected youth (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.13–1.59), unaffected siblings (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.45–2.08), mothers (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.40–2.17) and fathers (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.46–2.15). Parental overweight—but not parental ADHD—was predictive of offspring overweight (mothers OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.14–1.73, fathers OR 1.83; 95% CI 1.41–2.36). Being overweight runs in ADHD families, yet is not specifically linked to ADHD within families. Shared unhealthy lifestyle factors (including nutrition, sleep, exercise, stress) as well as genetic factors shared by family members likely explain the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s00787-019-01331-7
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
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              Text: Dec2019
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