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Opioid Use Fueling HIV Transmission in an Urban Setting: An Outbreak of HIV Infection Among People Who Inject Drugs—Massachusetts, 2015–2018.

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Title: Opioid Use Fueling HIV Transmission in an Urban Setting: An Outbreak of HIV Infection Among People Who Inject Drugs—Massachusetts, 2015–2018.
Authors: Alpren, Charles (AUTHOR), Dawson, Erica L. (AUTHOR), John, Betsey (AUTHOR), Cranston, Kevin (AUTHOR), Panneer, Nivedha (AUTHOR), Fukuda, H. Dawn (AUTHOR), Roosevelt, Kathleen (AUTHOR), Klevens, R. Monina (AUTHOR), Bryant, Janice (AUTHOR), Peters, Philip J. (AUTHOR), Lyss, Sheryl B. (AUTHOR), Switzer, William M. (AUTHOR), Burrage, Amanda (AUTHOR), Murray, Ashley (AUTHOR), Agnew-Brune, Christine (AUTHOR), Stiles, Tracy (AUTHOR), McClung, Paul (AUTHOR), Campbell, Ellsworth M. (AUTHOR), Breen, Courtney (AUTHOR), Randall, Liisa M. (AUTHOR)
Source: American Journal of Public Health. Jan2020, Vol. 110 Issue 1, p37-44. 8p.
Subjects: Intravenous drug abusers, HIV infection transmission, Epidemiology, Opioid abuse, HIV-positive persons
Geographic Terms: Massachusetts
Abstract: Objectives. To describe and control an outbreak of HIV infection among people who inject drugs (PWID). Methods. The investigation included people diagnosed with HIV infection during 2015 to 2018 linked to 2 cities in northeastern Massachusetts epidemiologically or through molecular analysis. Field activities included qualitative interviews regarding service availability and HIV risk behaviors. Results. We identified 129 people meeting the case definition; 116 (90%) reported injection drug use. Molecular surveillance added 36 cases to the outbreak not otherwise linked. The 2 largest molecular groups contained 56 and 23 cases. Most interviewed PWID were homeless. Control measures, including enhanced field epidemiology, syringe services programming, and community outreach, resulted in a significant decline in new HIV diagnoses. Conclusions. We illustrate difficulties with identification and characterization of an outbreak of HIV infection among a population of PWID and the value of an intensive response. Public Health Implications. Responding to and preventing outbreaks requires ongoing surveillance, with timely detection of increases in HIV diagnoses, community partnerships, and coordinated services, all critical to achieving the goal of the national Ending the HIV Epidemic initiative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of American Journal of Public Health is the property of American Public Health Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Opioid Use Fueling HIV Transmission in an Urban Setting: An Outbreak of HIV Infection Among People Who Inject Drugs—Massachusetts, 2015–2018.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22American+Journal+of+Public+Health%22">American Journal of Public Health</searchLink>. Jan2020, Vol. 110 Issue 1, p37-44. 8p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intravenous+drug+abusers%22">Intravenous drug abusers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22HIV+infection+transmission%22">HIV infection transmission</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Epidemiology%22">Epidemiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Opioid+abuse%22">Opioid abuse</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22HIV-positive+persons%22">HIV-positive persons</searchLink>
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Objectives. To describe and control an outbreak of HIV infection among people who inject drugs (PWID). Methods. The investigation included people diagnosed with HIV infection during 2015 to 2018 linked to 2 cities in northeastern Massachusetts epidemiologically or through molecular analysis. Field activities included qualitative interviews regarding service availability and HIV risk behaviors. Results. We identified 129 people meeting the case definition; 116 (90%) reported injection drug use. Molecular surveillance added 36 cases to the outbreak not otherwise linked. The 2 largest molecular groups contained 56 and 23 cases. Most interviewed PWID were homeless. Control measures, including enhanced field epidemiology, syringe services programming, and community outreach, resulted in a significant decline in new HIV diagnoses. Conclusions. We illustrate difficulties with identification and characterization of an outbreak of HIV infection among a population of PWID and the value of an intensive response. Public Health Implications. Responding to and preventing outbreaks requires ongoing surveillance, with timely detection of increases in HIV diagnoses, community partnerships, and coordinated services, all critical to achieving the goal of the national Ending the HIV Epidemic initiative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of American Journal of Public Health is the property of American Public Health Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.2105/AJPH.2019.305366
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Opioid abuse
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      – SubjectFull: Massachusetts
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