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Social cognitions and smoking behaviour: Temporal resolution matters.

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Title: Social cognitions and smoking behaviour: Temporal resolution matters.
Authors: Brinken, Lillian (AUTHOR), Schüz, Benjamin (AUTHOR), Ferguson, Stuart G. (AUTHOR), Scholz, Urte (AUTHOR), Schüz, Natalie (AUTHOR)
Source: British Journal of Health Psychology. Feb2020, Vol. 25 Issue 1, p210-227. 18p. 5 Charts.
Subjects: Social perception, Risk perception, Behavior, Health behavior, Cigarette smoke
Abstract: Objectives Health behaviour theories outline how cognitions predict behaviours, but rarely specify the temporal relation between cognitions and behaviours. It is not known whether these predictive relationships vary depending on temporal resolution or whether the relative influence of cognitions varies with measurement schedules. The current exploratory study therefore investigates whether the associations between behavioural cognitions (self-efficacy, intention, and risk perception) and smoking vary when measured momentarily, at day level, or using the more common baseline-follow-up design. Design EMA study involving 36 continuing smokers over 17 days. Participants logged cigarettes and reported their cognitions at baseline, daily (evening), and in response to momentary surveys. Methods Random-effects models were used to compare the effects of cognitions measured at different time points on (1) the number of cigarettes smoked daily and (2) the time interval until the next cigarette smoked. Results Self-efficacy and risk perception measured at baseline significantly predicted cigarettes smoked each day, but this effect became non-significant when daily measurements of cognitions were included in the model. Momentary smoking behaviour was predicted by momentary measurements of risk perception, with no significant effects of social cognitions at baseline. Conclusions Relationships between cognitions and behaviours vary according to the temporal resolution of the measurement schedule. Ensuring that the temporal resolution of assessment is appropriate for the temporal dynamics of the behaviour being assessed is important. Future research is needed to investigate the potential for leveraging specific cognitive processes depending on temporal importance in order to increase health-promoting behaviours. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Social cognitions including intentions, risk perception, and self-efficacy have been observed to predict smoking. Little is known about the role of time in the cognition-behaviour relationship. Cognitions have been observed to fluctuate, but instability is typically not considered in research design. What does this study add? Daily measurement of social cognitions predicts behaviour better than measurements taken at baseline. Momentary smoking behaviour is predicted by momentary cognitions at the intra-individual level. Temporal resolution of measurement should be considered when investigating cognition-behaviour relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of British Journal of Health Psychology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Social cognitions and smoking behaviour: Temporal resolution matters.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Brinken%2C+Lillian%22">Brinken, Lillian</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schüz%2C+Benjamin%22">Schüz, Benjamin</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ferguson%2C+Stuart+G%2E%22">Ferguson, Stuart G.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Scholz%2C+Urte%22">Scholz, Urte</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schüz%2C+Natalie%22">Schüz, Natalie</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22British+Journal+of+Health+Psychology%22">British Journal of Health Psychology</searchLink>. Feb2020, Vol. 25 Issue 1, p210-227. 18p. 5 Charts.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+perception%22">Social perception</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Risk+perception%22">Risk perception</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Behavior%22">Behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Health+behavior%22">Health behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cigarette+smoke%22">Cigarette smoke</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Objectives Health behaviour theories outline how cognitions predict behaviours, but rarely specify the temporal relation between cognitions and behaviours. It is not known whether these predictive relationships vary depending on temporal resolution or whether the relative influence of cognitions varies with measurement schedules. The current exploratory study therefore investigates whether the associations between behavioural cognitions (self-efficacy, intention, and risk perception) and smoking vary when measured momentarily, at day level, or using the more common baseline-follow-up design. Design EMA study involving 36 continuing smokers over 17 days. Participants logged cigarettes and reported their cognitions at baseline, daily (evening), and in response to momentary surveys. Methods Random-effects models were used to compare the effects of cognitions measured at different time points on (1) the number of cigarettes smoked daily and (2) the time interval until the next cigarette smoked. Results Self-efficacy and risk perception measured at baseline significantly predicted cigarettes smoked each day, but this effect became non-significant when daily measurements of cognitions were included in the model. Momentary smoking behaviour was predicted by momentary measurements of risk perception, with no significant effects of social cognitions at baseline. Conclusions Relationships between cognitions and behaviours vary according to the temporal resolution of the measurement schedule. Ensuring that the temporal resolution of assessment is appropriate for the temporal dynamics of the behaviour being assessed is important. Future research is needed to investigate the potential for leveraging specific cognitive processes depending on temporal importance in order to increase health-promoting behaviours. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Social cognitions including intentions, risk perception, and self-efficacy have been observed to predict smoking. Little is known about the role of time in the cognition-behaviour relationship. Cognitions have been observed to fluctuate, but instability is typically not considered in research design. What does this study add? Daily measurement of social cognitions predicts behaviour better than measurements taken at baseline. Momentary smoking behaviour is predicted by momentary cognitions at the intra-individual level. Temporal resolution of measurement should be considered when investigating cognition-behaviour relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of British Journal of Health Psychology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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              Text: Feb2020
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