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Age-related changes in Bayesian belief updating during attentional deployment and motor intention.

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Title: Age-related changes in Bayesian belief updating during attentional deployment and motor intention.
Authors: Mengotti, Paola (AUTHOR), Kuhns, Anna B. (AUTHOR), Fink, Gereon R. (AUTHOR), Vossel, Simone (AUTHOR)
Source: Psychological Research. Jul2020, Vol. 84 Issue 5, p1387-1399. 13p. 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 4 Graphs.
Subjects: Older people, Spatial ability, Age groups, Level of difficulty, Young adults, Psychology of color, Prospective memory
Abstract: Predicting upcoming events using past observations is a crucial component of an efficient allocation of attentional resources. Therefore, the deployment of attention is sensitive to different types of cues predicting upcoming events. Here we investigated probabilistic inference abilities in spatial and feature-based attentional, as well as in motor-intentional subsystems, focusing specifically on the age-related changes in these abilities. In two behavioral experiments, younger and older adults (20 younger and 20 older adults for each experiment) performed three versions of a cueing paradigm, where spatial, feature, or motor cues predicted the location, color, or motor response of a target stimulus. The percentage of cue validity (i.e., the probability of the cue being valid) changed over time, thereby creating a volatile environment. A Bayesian hierarchical model was used to estimate trial-wise beliefs concerning the cue validity from reaction times and to derive a subject-specific belief updating parameter ω in each task version. We also manipulated task difficulty: participants performed an easier version of the task in Experiment 1 and a more difficult version in Experiment 2. Results from Experiment 1 suggested a preserved ability of older adults to use the three different cues to generate predictions. However, the increased task demands of Experiment 2 uncovered a difference in belief updating between the two age groups, indicating moderate evidence for a reduction of the ability to update predictions with motor intention cues in older adults. These results point at a distinction of attentional and motor-intentional subsystems, with age-related differences tackling especially the motor-intentional subsystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychological Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Age-related changes in Bayesian belief updating during attentional deployment and motor intention.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mengotti%2C+Paola%22">Mengotti, Paola</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kuhns%2C+Anna+B%2E%22">Kuhns, Anna B.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fink%2C+Gereon+R%2E%22">Fink, Gereon R.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vossel%2C+Simone%22">Vossel, Simone</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychological+Research%22">Psychological Research</searchLink>. Jul2020, Vol. 84 Issue 5, p1387-1399. 13p. 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 4 Graphs.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Older+people%22">Older people</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spatial+ability%22">Spatial ability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Age+groups%22">Age groups</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Level+of+difficulty%22">Level of difficulty</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Young+adults%22">Young adults</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychology+of+color%22">Psychology of color</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Prospective+memory%22">Prospective memory</searchLink>
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  Data: Predicting upcoming events using past observations is a crucial component of an efficient allocation of attentional resources. Therefore, the deployment of attention is sensitive to different types of cues predicting upcoming events. Here we investigated probabilistic inference abilities in spatial and feature-based attentional, as well as in motor-intentional subsystems, focusing specifically on the age-related changes in these abilities. In two behavioral experiments, younger and older adults (20 younger and 20 older adults for each experiment) performed three versions of a cueing paradigm, where spatial, feature, or motor cues predicted the location, color, or motor response of a target stimulus. The percentage of cue validity (i.e., the probability of the cue being valid) changed over time, thereby creating a volatile environment. A Bayesian hierarchical model was used to estimate trial-wise beliefs concerning the cue validity from reaction times and to derive a subject-specific belief updating parameter ω in each task version. We also manipulated task difficulty: participants performed an easier version of the task in Experiment 1 and a more difficult version in Experiment 2. Results from Experiment 1 suggested a preserved ability of older adults to use the three different cues to generate predictions. However, the increased task demands of Experiment 2 uncovered a difference in belief updating between the two age groups, indicating moderate evidence for a reduction of the ability to update predictions with motor intention cues in older adults. These results point at a distinction of attentional and motor-intentional subsystems, with age-related differences tackling especially the motor-intentional subsystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychological Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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              Text: Jul2020
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