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Ecological momentary assessment of temptations and lapses in non-daily smokers.

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Title: Ecological momentary assessment of temptations and lapses in non-daily smokers.
Authors: Shiffman, Saul (AUTHOR), Scholl, Sarah M. (AUTHOR), Mao, Jason (AUTHOR), Ferguson, Stuart G. (AUTHOR), Hedeker, Donald (AUTHOR), Tindle, Hilary A. (AUTHOR)
Source: Psychopharmacology. Aug2020, Vol. 237 Issue 8, p2353-2365. 13p. 4 Charts.
Subjects: Smoking cessation, Temptation, Alcohol drinking, Cigarettes, Psilocybin, Menthol, Smoking
Abstract: Rationale: Little is known about relapse among non-daily, intermittent smokers (ITS), who have difficulty quitting, despite a lack of dependence. Objectives: To analyze situations associated with temptations to smoke and smoking lapses among ITS trying to maintain abstinence. Methods: Participants were 130 initially abstinent ITS in the placebo arm of a smoking cessation study. EMA data captured participants' situations and states in temptations (n = 976), including those that eventuated in lapses (n = 147), for up to 6 weeks. Randomly timed assessments assessed background states (n = 11,446). Participants also reported coping performed to prevent lapses. Multilevel analyses compared temptations to background situations, and lapse episodes to resolved temptations. Results: Temptations were marked by exposure to smoking cues, including others smoking, lax smoking restrictions, and alcohol consumption, as well as more negative affect. Lapses did not differ from resolved temptations in craving intensity, but were more often associated with smoking cues and availability of cigarettes, alcohol consumption, and worse affect, and were more often attributed to good moods. Both behavioral and cognitive coping responses were associated with avoiding lapsing, but behavioral coping had much larger effects. The effects of affective distress on lapse risk were mediated by its effects on coping. Conclusions: Smoking cues play a major role in ITS' temptations and lapses, perhaps indicating a degree of behavioral dependence. Affective distress also played a role in ITS lapses, undermining the idea that the affective distress seen in daily smokers' lapses is due to nicotine withdrawal. The data reinforce the important role of coping in preventing lapses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychopharmacology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Ecological momentary assessment of temptations and lapses in non-daily smokers.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shiffman%2C+Saul%22">Shiffman, Saul</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Scholl%2C+Sarah+M%2E%22">Scholl, Sarah M.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mao%2C+Jason%22">Mao, Jason</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ferguson%2C+Stuart+G%2E%22">Ferguson, Stuart G.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hedeker%2C+Donald%22">Hedeker, Donald</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tindle%2C+Hilary+A%2E%22">Tindle, Hilary A.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychopharmacology%22">Psychopharmacology</searchLink>. Aug2020, Vol. 237 Issue 8, p2353-2365. 13p. 4 Charts.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Smoking+cessation%22">Smoking cessation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Temptation%22">Temptation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alcohol+drinking%22">Alcohol drinking</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cigarettes%22">Cigarettes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psilocybin%22">Psilocybin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Menthol%22">Menthol</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Smoking%22">Smoking</searchLink>
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  Data: Rationale: Little is known about relapse among non-daily, intermittent smokers (ITS), who have difficulty quitting, despite a lack of dependence. Objectives: To analyze situations associated with temptations to smoke and smoking lapses among ITS trying to maintain abstinence. Methods: Participants were 130 initially abstinent ITS in the placebo arm of a smoking cessation study. EMA data captured participants' situations and states in temptations (n = 976), including those that eventuated in lapses (n = 147), for up to 6 weeks. Randomly timed assessments assessed background states (n = 11,446). Participants also reported coping performed to prevent lapses. Multilevel analyses compared temptations to background situations, and lapse episodes to resolved temptations. Results: Temptations were marked by exposure to smoking cues, including others smoking, lax smoking restrictions, and alcohol consumption, as well as more negative affect. Lapses did not differ from resolved temptations in craving intensity, but were more often associated with smoking cues and availability of cigarettes, alcohol consumption, and worse affect, and were more often attributed to good moods. Both behavioral and cognitive coping responses were associated with avoiding lapsing, but behavioral coping had much larger effects. The effects of affective distress on lapse risk were mediated by its effects on coping. Conclusions: Smoking cues play a major role in ITS' temptations and lapses, perhaps indicating a degree of behavioral dependence. Affective distress also played a role in ITS lapses, undermining the idea that the affective distress seen in daily smokers' lapses is due to nicotine withdrawal. The data reinforce the important role of coping in preventing lapses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychopharmacology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s00213-020-05539-3
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