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It's costly punishment, not altruistic: Low midfrontal theta and state anger predict punishment.

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Title: It's costly punishment, not altruistic: Low midfrontal theta and state anger predict punishment.
Authors: Rodrigues, Johannes (AUTHOR), Liesner, Marvin (AUTHOR), Reutter, Mario (AUTHOR), Mussel, Patrick (AUTHOR), Hewig, Johannes (AUTHOR)
Source: Psychophysiology. Aug2020, Vol. 57 Issue 8, p1-18. 18p. 2 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 7 Graphs.
Subjects: Punishment, Anger, Motivation (Psychology), Complement activation, Decision making, Anger management
Abstract: Punishment in economic games has been interpreted as "altruistic." However, it was shown that punishment is related to trait anger instead of trait altruism in a third‐party dictator game if compensation is also available. Here, we investigated the influence of state anger on punishment and compensation in the third‐party dictator game. Therefore, we used movie sequences for emotional priming, including the target states anger, happy, and neutral. We measured the Feedback‐Related Negativity (FRN) and midfrontal theta band activation, to investigate an electro‐cortical correlate of the processing of fair and unfair offers. Also, we assessed single‐trial FRN and midfrontal theta band activation as a predictor for punishment and compensation. We found that punishment was linked to state anger. Midfrontal theta band activation, which has previously been linked to altruistic acts and cognitive control, predicted less punishment. Additionally, trait anger led to enhanced FRN for unfair offers. This led to the interpretation that the FRN depicts the evaluation of fairness, while midfrontal theta band activation captures an aspect of cognitive control and altruistic motivation. We conclude that we need to redefine "altruistic punishment" into "costly punishment," as no direct link of altruism and punishment is given. Additionally, midfrontal theta band activation complements the FRN and offers additional insights into complex responses and decision processes, especially as a single trial predictor. In the literature about third‐party dictator games, punishment, and compensation were considered altruistic. Here, we show that punishment is linked to trait and state anger and less midfrontal theta‐band activation indicating less cognitive control. Thus, we extend the literature and proclaim the term "costly punishment" instead of altruistic punishment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychophysiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: It's costly punishment, not altruistic: Low midfrontal theta and state anger predict punishment.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rodrigues%2C+Johannes%22">Rodrigues, Johannes</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liesner%2C+Marvin%22">Liesner, Marvin</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Reutter%2C+Mario%22">Reutter, Mario</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mussel%2C+Patrick%22">Mussel, Patrick</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hewig%2C+Johannes%22">Hewig, Johannes</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychophysiology%22">Psychophysiology</searchLink>. Aug2020, Vol. 57 Issue 8, p1-18. 18p. 2 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 7 Graphs.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Punishment%22">Punishment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anger%22">Anger</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Motivation+%28Psychology%29%22">Motivation (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Complement+activation%22">Complement activation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Decision+making%22">Decision making</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anger+management%22">Anger management</searchLink>
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  Data: Punishment in economic games has been interpreted as "altruistic." However, it was shown that punishment is related to trait anger instead of trait altruism in a third‐party dictator game if compensation is also available. Here, we investigated the influence of state anger on punishment and compensation in the third‐party dictator game. Therefore, we used movie sequences for emotional priming, including the target states anger, happy, and neutral. We measured the Feedback‐Related Negativity (FRN) and midfrontal theta band activation, to investigate an electro‐cortical correlate of the processing of fair and unfair offers. Also, we assessed single‐trial FRN and midfrontal theta band activation as a predictor for punishment and compensation. We found that punishment was linked to state anger. Midfrontal theta band activation, which has previously been linked to altruistic acts and cognitive control, predicted less punishment. Additionally, trait anger led to enhanced FRN for unfair offers. This led to the interpretation that the FRN depicts the evaluation of fairness, while midfrontal theta band activation captures an aspect of cognitive control and altruistic motivation. We conclude that we need to redefine "altruistic punishment" into "costly punishment," as no direct link of altruism and punishment is given. Additionally, midfrontal theta band activation complements the FRN and offers additional insights into complex responses and decision processes, especially as a single trial predictor. In the literature about third‐party dictator games, punishment, and compensation were considered altruistic. Here, we show that punishment is linked to trait and state anger and less midfrontal theta‐band activation indicating less cognitive control. Thus, we extend the literature and proclaim the term "costly punishment" instead of altruistic punishment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychophysiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Anger management
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              Text: Aug2020
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