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Impulsive decision-making predicts the course of substance-related and addictive disorders.

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Title: Impulsive decision-making predicts the course of substance-related and addictive disorders.
Authors: Kräplin, Anja (AUTHOR), Höfler, Michael (AUTHOR), Pooseh, Shakoor (AUTHOR), Wolff, Max (AUTHOR), Krönke, Klaus-Martin (AUTHOR), Goschke, Thomas (AUTHOR), Bühringer, Gerhard (AUTHOR), Smolka, Michael N. (AUTHOR)
Source: Psychopharmacology. Sep2020, Vol. 237 Issue 9, p2709-2724. 16p. 2 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 1 Graph.
Subjects: Substance-induced disorders, Delay discounting (Psychology), Loss aversion, Decision making, Symptoms
Abstract: Background: This study investigated whether patterns of impulsive decision-making (i) differ between individuals with DSM-5 substance use disorders (SUD) or non-substance-related addictive disorders (ND) and healthy controls, and (ii) predict the increase of SUD and ND severity after one year. Methods: In a prospective-longitudinal community study, 338 individuals (19–27 years, 59% female) were included in one of three groups: SUD (n = 100), ND (n = 118), or healthy controls (n = 120). Group differences in four impulsive decision-making facets were analyzed with the Bayesian priors: delay discounting (mean = 0.37, variance = 0.02), probability discounting for gains and for losses (each − 0.16, 0.02), and loss aversion (− 0.44, 0.02). SUD and ND severity were assessed at baseline and after 1 year (n = 312, 92%). Predictive associations between decision-making and SUD/ND severity changes were analyzed with the Bayesian prior: mean = 0.25, variance = 0.016. Results: Compared with controls, the SUD group displayed steeper delay discounting and lower probability discounting for losses; the ND group displayed lower probability discounting for losses (posterior probabilities > 98%). SUD symptom increase after 1 year was predicted by steeper delay discounting and lower loss aversion; ND symptom increase by lower probability discounting for losses and lower loss aversion (posterior probabilities > 98%). There was low evidence for predictive relations between decision-making and the quantity-frequency of addictive behaviours. Discussion: Impulsive decision-making characterizes SUD and ND and predicts the course of SUD and ND symptoms but not the engagement in addictive behaviours. Strength of evidence differed between different facets of impulsive decision-making and was mostly weaker than a priori expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychopharmacology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Impulsive decision-making predicts the course of substance-related and addictive disorders.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kräplin%2C+Anja%22">Kräplin, Anja</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Höfler%2C+Michael%22">Höfler, Michael</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pooseh%2C+Shakoor%22">Pooseh, Shakoor</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wolff%2C+Max%22">Wolff, Max</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Krönke%2C+Klaus-Martin%22">Krönke, Klaus-Martin</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Goschke%2C+Thomas%22">Goschke, Thomas</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bühringer%2C+Gerhard%22">Bühringer, Gerhard</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Smolka%2C+Michael+N%2E%22">Smolka, Michael N.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychopharmacology%22">Psychopharmacology</searchLink>. Sep2020, Vol. 237 Issue 9, p2709-2724. 16p. 2 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 1 Graph.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Substance-induced+disorders%22">Substance-induced disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Delay+discounting+%28Psychology%29%22">Delay discounting (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Loss+aversion%22">Loss aversion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Decision+making%22">Decision making</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Symptoms%22">Symptoms</searchLink>
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  Data: Background: This study investigated whether patterns of impulsive decision-making (i) differ between individuals with DSM-5 substance use disorders (SUD) or non-substance-related addictive disorders (ND) and healthy controls, and (ii) predict the increase of SUD and ND severity after one year. Methods: In a prospective-longitudinal community study, 338 individuals (19–27 years, 59% female) were included in one of three groups: SUD (n = 100), ND (n = 118), or healthy controls (n = 120). Group differences in four impulsive decision-making facets were analyzed with the Bayesian priors: delay discounting (mean = 0.37, variance = 0.02), probability discounting for gains and for losses (each − 0.16, 0.02), and loss aversion (− 0.44, 0.02). SUD and ND severity were assessed at baseline and after 1 year (n = 312, 92%). Predictive associations between decision-making and SUD/ND severity changes were analyzed with the Bayesian prior: mean = 0.25, variance = 0.016. Results: Compared with controls, the SUD group displayed steeper delay discounting and lower probability discounting for losses; the ND group displayed lower probability discounting for losses (posterior probabilities > 98%). SUD symptom increase after 1 year was predicted by steeper delay discounting and lower loss aversion; ND symptom increase by lower probability discounting for losses and lower loss aversion (posterior probabilities > 98%). There was low evidence for predictive relations between decision-making and the quantity-frequency of addictive behaviours. Discussion: Impulsive decision-making characterizes SUD and ND and predicts the course of SUD and ND symptoms but not the engagement in addictive behaviours. Strength of evidence differed between different facets of impulsive decision-making and was mostly weaker than a priori expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychopharmacology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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