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Dysphagia in neurological diseases: a literature review.

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Title: Dysphagia in neurological diseases: a literature review.
Authors: Panebianco, M. (AUTHOR), Marchese-Ragona, R. (AUTHOR), Masiero, S. (AUTHOR), Restivo, D. A. (AUTHOR)
Source: Neurological Sciences. Nov2020, Vol. 41 Issue 11, p3067-3073. 7p. 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart.
Subjects: Botulinum A toxins, Neurological disorders, Neurogenic bladder, Deglutition disorders, Esophagogastric junction
Abstract: Dysphagia is defined as an impairment of this complex and integrated sensorimotor system. It is estimated that 400,000 to 800,000 individuals worldwide develop neurogenic dysphagia per year. Neurogenic dysphagia is typically occurring in patients with neurological disease of different etiologies. A correct and early diagnosis and an appropriate management of dysphagia could be useful for improving patient's quality of life and may help to prevent or delay death. In the present review, we discuss thoroughly the anatomy and physiology of swallowing and also the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in impaired swallowing, as well as the diagnosis, management, and potential treatments of neurogenic dysphagia. Assessment of neurogenic dysphagia includes medical history, physical exam, and instrumental examinations (fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, videofluoroscopic swallowing study, electromyography). Pharmacological treatment of these problems includes oral anticholinergic drugs. Surgical myotomy of the cricopharyngeal muscle showed an important improvement of oropharyngeal dysphagia associated to upper esophageal sphincter hyperactivity. Chemical myotomy of the upper esophageal sphincter by local injections of botulinum toxin type A into the cricopharyngeal muscle has been proposed as an alternative less invasive and less unsafe than surgical myotomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Neurological Sciences is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Panebianco%2C+M%2E%22">Panebianco, M.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marchese-Ragona%2C+R%2E%22">Marchese-Ragona, R.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Masiero%2C+S%2E%22">Masiero, S.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Restivo%2C+D%2E+A%2E%22">Restivo, D. A.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Neurological+Sciences%22">Neurological Sciences</searchLink>. Nov2020, Vol. 41 Issue 11, p3067-3073. 7p. 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Botulinum+A+toxins%22">Botulinum A toxins</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neurological+disorders%22">Neurological disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neurogenic+bladder%22">Neurogenic bladder</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deglutition+disorders%22">Deglutition disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Esophagogastric+junction%22">Esophagogastric junction</searchLink>
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  Data: Dysphagia is defined as an impairment of this complex and integrated sensorimotor system. It is estimated that 400,000 to 800,000 individuals worldwide develop neurogenic dysphagia per year. Neurogenic dysphagia is typically occurring in patients with neurological disease of different etiologies. A correct and early diagnosis and an appropriate management of dysphagia could be useful for improving patient's quality of life and may help to prevent or delay death. In the present review, we discuss thoroughly the anatomy and physiology of swallowing and also the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in impaired swallowing, as well as the diagnosis, management, and potential treatments of neurogenic dysphagia. Assessment of neurogenic dysphagia includes medical history, physical exam, and instrumental examinations (fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, videofluoroscopic swallowing study, electromyography). Pharmacological treatment of these problems includes oral anticholinergic drugs. Surgical myotomy of the cricopharyngeal muscle showed an important improvement of oropharyngeal dysphagia associated to upper esophageal sphincter hyperactivity. Chemical myotomy of the upper esophageal sphincter by local injections of botulinum toxin type A into the cricopharyngeal muscle has been proposed as an alternative less invasive and less unsafe than surgical myotomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Neurological Sciences is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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