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Is C-reactive protein associated with influenza A or B in primary care patients with influenza-like illness? A cross-sectional study.

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Title: Is C-reactive protein associated with influenza A or B in primary care patients with influenza-like illness? A cross-sectional study.
Authors: Rystedt, Karin (AUTHOR), Harbin, Nicolay Jonassen (AUTHOR), Lindbaek, Morten (AUTHOR), Radzeviciene, Ruta (AUTHOR), Gunnarsson, Ronny (AUTHOR), Eggertsen, Robert (AUTHOR), C. Butler, Christopher (AUTHOR), van der Velden, Alike W. (AUTHOR), J. Verheij, Theo (AUTHOR), Sundvall, Pär-Daniel (AUTHOR)
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. Dec2020, Vol. 38 Issue 4, p447-453. 7p.
Subjects: Influenza treatment, Biomarkers, C-reactive protein, Dizziness, Dyspnea, Primary health care, Point-of-care testing, Influenza A virus, Cross-sectional method, Influenza B virus, Seasonal influenza, Descriptive statistics, Odds ratio
Geographic Terms: Norway, Sweden
Abstract: Identifying influenza A or B as cause of influenza-like illness (ILI) is a challenge due to non-specific symptoms. An accurate, cheap and easy to use biomarker might enhance targeting influenza-specific management in primary care. The aim of this study was to investigate if C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with influenza A or B, confirmed with PCR testing, in patients presenting with ILI. Cross-sectional study. Primary care in Lithuania, Norway and Sweden. A total of 277 patients at least 1 year of age consulting primary care with ILI during seasonal influenza epidemics. Capillary blood CRP analysed as a point-of-care test and detection of influenza A or B on nasopharyngeal swabs in adults, and nasal and pharyngeal swabs in children using PCR. The prevalence of positive tests for influenza A among patients was 44% (121/277) and the prevalence of influenza B was 21% (58/277). Patients with influenza A infection could not be identified based on CRP concentration. However, increasing CRP concentration in steps of 10 mg/L was associated with a significantly lower risk for influenza B with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.42 (0.25–0.70; p<.001). Signs of more severe symptoms like shortness of breath, sweats or chills and dizziness were associated with higher CRP. There was no association between CRP and influenza A. Increased concentration of CRP was associated with a lower risk for having influenza B, a finding that lacks clinical usefulness. Hence, CRP testing should be avoided in ILI, unless bacterial pneumonia is suspected. Identifying influenza A or B as cause of influenza-like illness (ILI) is a challenge due to non-specific symptoms. There was no association between concentration of CRP and influenza A. Increased concentration of CRP was associated with a lower risk for having influenza B, a finding that lacks clinical usefulness. A consequence is that CRP testing should be avoided in ILI, unless bacterial pneumonia or similar is suspected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Is C-reactive protein associated with influenza A or B in primary care patients with influenza-like illness? A cross-sectional study.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Rystedt%2C+Karin%22&quot;&gt;Rystedt, Karin&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Harbin%2C+Nicolay+Jonassen%22&quot;&gt;Harbin, Nicolay Jonassen&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Lindbaek%2C+Morten%22&quot;&gt;Lindbaek, Morten&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Radzeviciene%2C+Ruta%22&quot;&gt;Radzeviciene, Ruta&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Gunnarsson%2C+Ronny%22&quot;&gt;Gunnarsson, Ronny&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Eggertsen%2C+Robert%22&quot;&gt;Eggertsen, Robert&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22C%2E+Butler%2C+Christopher%22&quot;&gt;C. Butler, Christopher&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22van+der+Velden%2C+Alike+W%2E%22&quot;&gt;van der Velden, Alike W.&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22J%2E+Verheij%2C+Theo%22&quot;&gt;J. Verheij, Theo&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Sundvall%2C+P&#228;r-Daniel%22&quot;&gt;Sundvall, P&#228;r-Daniel&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Scandinavian+Journal+of+Primary+Health+Care%22&quot;&gt;Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Dec2020, Vol. 38 Issue 4, p447-453. 7p.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Norway%22&quot;&gt;Norway&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Sweden%22&quot;&gt;Sweden&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Identifying influenza A or B as cause of influenza-like illness (ILI) is a challenge due to non-specific symptoms. An accurate, cheap and easy to use biomarker might enhance targeting influenza-specific management in primary care. The aim of this study was to investigate if C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with influenza A or B, confirmed with PCR testing, in patients presenting with ILI. Cross-sectional study. Primary care in Lithuania, Norway and Sweden. A total of 277 patients at least 1 year of age consulting primary care with ILI during seasonal influenza epidemics. Capillary blood CRP analysed as a point-of-care test and detection of influenza A or B on nasopharyngeal swabs in adults, and nasal and pharyngeal swabs in children using PCR. The prevalence of positive tests for influenza A among patients was 44% (121/277) and the prevalence of influenza B was 21% (58/277). Patients with influenza A infection could not be identified based on CRP concentration. However, increasing CRP concentration in steps of 10 mg/L was associated with a significantly lower risk for influenza B with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.42 (0.25–0.70; p&lt;.001). Signs of more severe symptoms like shortness of breath, sweats or chills and dizziness were associated with higher CRP. There was no association between CRP and influenza A. Increased concentration of CRP was associated with a lower risk for having influenza B, a finding that lacks clinical usefulness. Hence, CRP testing should be avoided in ILI, unless bacterial pneumonia is suspected. Identifying influenza A or B as cause of influenza-like illness (ILI) is a challenge due to non-specific symptoms. There was no association between concentration of CRP and influenza A. Increased concentration of CRP was associated with a lower risk for having influenza B, a finding that lacks clinical usefulness. A consequence is that CRP testing should be avoided in ILI, unless bacterial pneumonia or similar is suspected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care is the property of Taylor &amp; Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/02813432.2020.1843942
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 7
        StartPage: 447
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Influenza treatment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biomarkers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: C-reactive protein
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dizziness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dyspnea
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Primary health care
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Point-of-care testing
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      – SubjectFull: Influenza A virus
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      – SubjectFull: Cross-sectional method
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      – SubjectFull: Influenza B virus
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      – SubjectFull: Seasonal influenza
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      – SubjectFull: Norway
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      – SubjectFull: Sweden
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              Text: Dec2020
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