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The modulatory effects of bilateral arm training (BAT) on the brain in stroke patients: a systematic review.

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Title: The modulatory effects of bilateral arm training (BAT) on the brain in stroke patients: a systematic review.
Authors: Wu, Jingyi (AUTHOR), Cheng, Hao (AUTHOR), Zhang, Jiaqi (AUTHOR), Bai, Zhongfei (AUTHOR), Cai, Sufang (AUTHOR)
Source: Neurological Sciences. 2021, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p501-511. 11p. 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 1 Graph.
Subjects: Motor cortex, Stroke patients, Neural inhibition, Bats, Functional connectivity, Stroke treatment, Frontal lobe, Brain, Stroke, Cerebral dominance, Convalescence, Systematic reviews, Magnetic resonance imaging, Arm, Barthel Index
Abstract: Objective: To systematically review the modulatory effects of bilateral arm training (BAT) on the brain of stroke patients in contrast to unilateral arm training (UAT) or regular motor training.Methods: We conducted a literature search using PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Science Citation Index Expanded databases from the inception to March 2019 for identifying any relevant studies. Two authors independently screened the literature, extracted data, and qualitatively described the included studies.Results: Eleven studies with a total of 225 stroke patients were included in this review. 156 out of those participants received neuroimaging or neurophysiological examinations. Six studies reported enhanced activation of the ipsilesional primary motor area (M1) induced by BAT, as measured by MEP and fMRI. Beyond the M1, three studies showed that supplementary motor area (SMA) was activated, and three studies found the primary sensory cortex area (S1) was activated by BAT in stroke patients, as measured by fMRI. One article showed that the inter-/intra-hemispheric functional connections of the sensorimotor network were more highly strengthened after BAT than regular motor training, in particular the functional connectivity between the SMA and the M1 in the bi-hemispheres. Three studies reported that BAT increased the inhibitory flow from the ipsilesional hemisphere to the contralesional hemisphere, as measured by interhemispheric transcallosal inhibition (IHI). However, the superiority of BAT in inducing a symmetric IHI than UAT was controversial.Conclusion: BAT is potentially more effective than UAT in improving upper limb recovery after stroke by activating the ipsilesional primary motor area (M1), supplementary motor area (SMA), and primary sensory cortex (S1) and enhancing the intra-hemispheric and interhemispheric connectivity within the sensorimotor network and the cortical motor system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Neurological Sciences is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: The modulatory effects of bilateral arm training (BAT) on the brain in stroke patients: a systematic review.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Jingyi%22">Wu, Jingyi</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cheng%2C+Hao%22">Cheng, Hao</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Jiaqi%22">Zhang, Jiaqi</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bai%2C+Zhongfei%22">Bai, Zhongfei</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cai%2C+Sufang%22">Cai, Sufang</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Neurological+Sciences%22">Neurological Sciences</searchLink>. 2021, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p501-511. 11p. 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 1 Graph.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Motor+cortex%22">Motor cortex</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stroke+patients%22">Stroke patients</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neural+inhibition%22">Neural inhibition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bats%22">Bats</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Functional+connectivity%22">Functional connectivity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stroke+treatment%22">Stroke treatment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Frontal+lobe%22">Frontal lobe</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Brain%22">Brain</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stroke%22">Stroke</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cerebral+dominance%22">Cerebral dominance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Convalescence%22">Convalescence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Systematic+reviews%22">Systematic reviews</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+resonance+imaging%22">Magnetic resonance imaging</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Arm%22">Arm</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Barthel+Index%22">Barthel Index</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
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  Data: <bold>Objective: </bold>To systematically review the modulatory effects of bilateral arm training (BAT) on the brain of stroke patients in contrast to unilateral arm training (UAT) or regular motor training.<bold>Methods: </bold>We conducted a literature search using PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Science Citation Index Expanded databases from the inception to March 2019 for identifying any relevant studies. Two authors independently screened the literature, extracted data, and qualitatively described the included studies.<bold>Results: </bold>Eleven studies with a total of 225 stroke patients were included in this review. 156 out of those participants received neuroimaging or neurophysiological examinations. Six studies reported enhanced activation of the ipsilesional primary motor area (M1) induced by BAT, as measured by MEP and fMRI. Beyond the M1, three studies showed that supplementary motor area (SMA) was activated, and three studies found the primary sensory cortex area (S1) was activated by BAT in stroke patients, as measured by fMRI. One article showed that the inter-/intra-hemispheric functional connections of the sensorimotor network were more highly strengthened after BAT than regular motor training, in particular the functional connectivity between the SMA and the M1 in the bi-hemispheres. Three studies reported that BAT increased the inhibitory flow from the ipsilesional hemisphere to the contralesional hemisphere, as measured by interhemispheric transcallosal inhibition (IHI). However, the superiority of BAT in inducing a symmetric IHI than UAT was controversial.<bold>Conclusion: </bold>BAT is potentially more effective than UAT in improving upper limb recovery after stroke by activating the ipsilesional primary motor area (M1), supplementary motor area (SMA), and primary sensory cortex (S1) and enhancing the intra-hemispheric and interhemispheric connectivity within the sensorimotor network and the cortical motor system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Neurological Sciences is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s10072-020-04854-z
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 501
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Motor cortex
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Stroke patients
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Neural inhibition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bats
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      – SubjectFull: Functional connectivity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Stroke treatment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Frontal lobe
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Brain
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Stroke
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      – SubjectFull: Cerebral dominance
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      – SubjectFull: Systematic reviews
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      – SubjectFull: Magnetic resonance imaging
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      – SubjectFull: Arm
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      – SubjectFull: Barthel Index
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      – TitleFull: The modulatory effects of bilateral arm training (BAT) on the brain in stroke patients: a systematic review.
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              Text: 2021
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